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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 1 Supplementary Chapter 3 Bujju’s Brave Adventure Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 1 Supplementary Chapter 3 Bujju’s Brave Adventure

4th English Guide Bujju’s Brave Adventure Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Bala and Janani acted like the _________.
(a) Lion
(b) Monkey
(c) Tiger
Answer:
(b) Monkey

Question 2.
Appu felt hungry and ate a _________.
(a) Guava
(b) Mango
(c) Banana
Answer:
(a) Guava

Question 3.
All the children wished to go to the ___________.
(a) Park
(b) Beach
(c) Waterfall
Answer:
(c) waterfall

Question 4.
__________ helped Bujju to reach his family.
(a) Footprints
(b) Sound
(c) Shadow
Answer:
(a) Footprints

B. Answer the following yes or no questions.

Question 1.
Did Appu share guava?
Answer:
No, Appu did not share guava.

Question 2.
Did all visit the waterfall?
Answer:
No, all did not visit the waterfall.

Question 3.
Did Bujju realise his mistake?
Answer:
Yes, Bujju realised his mistake.

Answer the following yes or no Additional Questions and Answers.

Question 1.
Why did Bujju get hiccups?
Answer:
Bujju got hiccups because he swallowed guava in a hurry.

Question 2.
When did Bujju’s family set out on a trip?
Answer:
On a nice winter morning, Bujju’s family set out on a trip.

Question 3.
What was the mistake committed by Bujju?
Answer:
The mistake was that Bujju went alone without informing his parents.

Read the statement and write true or false:

Question 1.
Bujju’s mother started packing the food.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Surya asked Appu what he was eating.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Bujju saw a lion near the waterfalls.
Answer:
False

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the name of the girl?
Answer:
The name of the girl is Alice.

Question 2.
Where does the scene take place?
Answer:
The scene takes place in Wonderland.

Question 3.
What party is that?
Answer:
It is a tea party.

Question 4.
What does the man have?
Answer:
The man has a pot in his hand.

C. Choose the correct picture for the passage.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Let us write

Question 1.
This, it, is, tastes, smells, mango, yellow, fresh, sour, juicy.
Answer:

1. This is a mango.
2. It is yellow.
3. It is juicy.
4. It tastes sour.
5. It smells fresh.

Write some sentences about the picture:

Question 1.
She, is, has, girl, shirt, pants, beautiful, pink, blue, long, hair.
Answer:

1. She is a beautiful girl.
2. She has long hair.
3. She appears with a pink shirt and blue pant.

Question 2.
It, is, has, walks, elephant, legs, tusk, trunk, big, long, slowly, strong.
Answer:

1. It is an elephant.
2. It is strong.
3. It has big tusks.
4. It has long trunk.
5. It walks slowly.

I can do

A. Choose the correct option.

Question 1.
Robinson named the boy ___________.
(a) Sunday
(b) Friday
(c) Monday
Answer:
(b) Friday

Question 2.
__________ was with Robinson.
(a) Dog
(b) Tiger
(c) Lion
Answer:
(a) Dog

Question 3.
Robinson sailed England after __________ years.
(a) 25
(b) 28
(c) 30
Answer:
(b) 28

B. Divide the following words.

Question 1.
Circle
Answer:
Cir/cle

Question 2.
Man
Answer:
Man

Question 3.
Butter
Answer:
But/ter

Question 4.
Hotel
Answer:
Ho/tel

C. Write the word under the correct group and divide it.

Bullet     Candle     Bat     Title     Ball      Tiffin

Question 1.

Answer:

• Bat
• Ball

Question 2.

Answer:

• Tif/fin
• Bul/let

Question 3.

• Can/dle
• Ti/tle

D. Recite the poem ‘A Voyage with correct intonation.

Answer:
Activity to be done by the students

E. Match the rhyming words.

Question 1.
pale – knows
Answer:
pale – gale

Question 2.
boat – gale
Answer:
boat – goat

Question 1.
goes – goat
Answer:
Goes – knows

f. Fill in the blanks with and, but, or

Question 1.
Do you like apple __________ orange?
Answer:
Or

Question 2.
He has bat __________ ball.
Answer:
And

Question 3.
He is rich __________ he looks simple.
Answer:
But

Bujju’s Brave Adventure Summary in English and Tamil

On a nice winter morning, Bujju family set out on a trip to the nearby hill. Bujju cousins Appu, Bala, Surya and Janani accompanied him. The kids were so excited to explore the place.

ஒரு இதமான குளிர்கால காலைப்பொழுதில் புஜ்ஜூவின் குடும்பம் அருகிலுள்ள மலைப்பகுதிக்கு பயணம் செய்ய புறப்பட்டார்கள். புஜ்ஜூவின் மாமாவின் பிள்ளைகளான அப்பு, பாலா, சூர்யா, ஜனனி ஆகியோரும் அவனுடன் சென்றனர். அந்த இடத்தைச் சுற்றிப் பார்க்க அந்தக் குழந்தைகள் மிகவும் உற்சாகம் கொண்டிருந்தனர்.

Mother : Look kids! Be around us. Never go anywhere alone

அம்மா : குழந்தைகளே கவனியுங்கள்! எங்களருகே இருங்கள். தனியாக எங்கேயும் எப்போதும் போகக்கூடாது.

Bujju : Yes ma!

புஜ்ஜு : சரி அம்மா!

Mother : First have your breakfast then, we will go there.

அம்மா : முதலில் காலை உணவை சாப்பிடுங்கள். பிறகு நாம் அங்கு போகலாம்.

Bujju : Ma! See the waterfall.

புஜ்ஜு : அம்மா! நீர்வீழ்ச்சியைப் பாருங்கள்!

Bujju mother started unpacking the food. Meanwhile, the kids could not wait for the parents to take them to the waterfall. So they ran away without informing the parents.

புஜ்ஜூவின் அம்மா உணவை எடுத்துவைக்க ஆரம்பித்தார். இதற்கு நடுவே, பெற்றோர் அவர்களை நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லும் வரையில் குழந்தைகளால் காத்திருக்க முடியவில்லை. ஆகவே, பெற்றோருக்கு தெரியப்படுத்தாமல், அவர்கள் ஓடிவிட்டனர்.

Appu : Run… Run… Run….

அப்பு : ஓடு…… ஓடு……. ஓடு……

Appu : Oh! I feel too hungry. I have only one guava. I shall eat it myself.

அப்பு : ஓ! எனக்கு பசிக்கிறது. ஒரே ஒரு கொய்யா என்னிடம் இருக்கிறது. நானே அதை சாப்பிட்டுவிடப் போகிறே.

Surya : Hey Appu! What are you eating?

சூர்யா : ஹேய் அப்பு! நீ என்ன சாப்பிடுகிறாய்?

Appu : Nothing Surya

அப்பு : ஒன்றுமில்லை சூர்யா.

Appu swallowed and got hiccups. So, Surya and Appu returned to parents.

அப்பு கொய்யாவை விழுங்கினான். விக்கல் வந்தது. ஆகவே சூர்யாவும், அப்புவும் பெற்றோரிடம் திரும்பினர்.

Appa : Where did you go? What about others?

அப்பா : எங்கே போனீர்கள்? மற்றவர்கள் எல்லாம் எங்கே?

Surya : Don’t worry pa. They are playing nearby.

ஆர்யா : கவலைப்படாதீர்கள் – அப்பா . அவர்கள் அருகில்தான் விளையாடிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள்.

Without noticing, the other three kept running towards the waterfall. There Bala and Janani got diverted on seeing a naughty monkey.

எதையும் கவனிக்காமல் மற்ற மூவரும் நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை நோக்கி ஓடிக்கொண்டிருந்தனர். அங்கே குறும்புத்தனம் கொண்ட ஒரு குரங்கைப்பார்த்த பாலாவும் ஜனனியும் பாதையிலிருந்து திசை மாறினர்.

Janani : Look at that naughty monkey! Let us act like it and have fun!

ஜன்னி : அந்த குறும்புக்கார குரங்கைப்பார்.அது செய்வது போலவே நாமும் செய்து மகிழலாம்!

Bala : I feel very hungry. Let’s go.

பாலா : எனக்கு பசிக்கிறது. வா, போகலாம்.

As Bala and Janani felt hunary, they returned to parents. But Bujju sped towards the waterfall. He was shocked to see that no one was there.

பாலாவும், ஜனனியும் பசி காரணமாக பெற்றோரிடம் திரும்பினர். ஆனால் புஜ்ஜு நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை நோக்கி வேகமாக ஓடினான். அங்கே யாருமே இல்லாததைப்பார்த்துஅதிர்ச்சியடைந்தான.

Bujju : Oh! No… I am alone. Surya, Appu, Janani, Bala… Where are you guys?

புஜ்ஜு : ஓ! நான் தனியாக இருக்கிறேன். சூர்யா, அப்பு, ஜனனி, பாலா…. நீங்கள் எல்லாம் எங்கே இருக்கிறீர்கள்?

Bujju : Is that a ROAR of a lion? Mummy!
புஜ்ஜு : அது என்ன, சிங்கத்தின் கர்ஜனையா? அம்மா!

Bujju : I shouldn’t be afraid. Let me find a way. I think these footprints will help me.

புஜ்ஜு : நான் பயப்படக்கூடாது. போகிற வழியை கண்டுபிடிக்க வேண்டும். இந்த காலடித்தடங்கள் எனக்கு உதவும் என நினைக்கிறேன்.

On his way he finds big footprints.

அவன் சென்ற வழியில் பெரிய காலடித்தடங்களை அவன் கண்டான்.

Bujju : I think these should be Appu’s footprints.

புஜ்ஜு : இவையெல்லாம் அப்புவின் காலடித்தடங்களாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென நினைக்கிறேன்.

Mother : Bujju, where were you? I was so worried.

அம்மா : புஜ்ஜு, எங்கே போனாய்? நான் மிகவும் கவலைப்பட்டுவிட்டேன்.

Bujju : Yes ma… I have found you all at last.

புஜ்ஜி : ஆம், அம்மா …. கடைசியில் நான் உன்னை கண்டுபிடித்துவிட்டேன்.

Now Bujju realised his mistake that he should not go alone without informing parents.

புஜ்ஜு தன் தவறை உணர்ந்தான், பெற்றோரிடம் சொல்லாமல் தனியாக எங்கேயும் போகக் கூடாது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Term 1 Chapter 1 Interior of the Earth Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Term 1 Chapter 1 Interior of the Earth

7th Social Science Guide Interior of the Earth Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Nife is made up of …………..
a) Nickel and ferrous
b) Silica and aluminum
c) Silica and magnesium
d) Iron and magnesium
Answer:
a) Nickel and ferrous

Question 2.
Earthquake and volcanic eruption occur near the edges of ……………..
a) Mountain
b) Plains
c) Plates
d) Plateaus
Answer:
c) Plates

Question 3.
The magnitude of an earthquake is measured by ……………..
a) Seismograph
b) Richter scale
c) Ammeter
d) Rotameter
Answer:
b) Richter scale

Question 4.
The narrow pipe through which magma flow out is called a ………………..
a) Vent
b) Crater
c) Focus
d) Caldera
Answer:
a) Vent

Question 5.
………….. Volcano is known as light house of Mediterranean Sea.
a) Stromboli
b) Krokota
c) Fujiyana
d) Kilinanjaro
Answer:
a) Stromboli

Question 6.
………………. belt is known as the “Ring of Fire”.
a) Circum – Pacific
b) Mid – Atlantic
c) Mid – Continental
d) Antarctic
Answer:
a) Circum – Pacific

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The core is separated from the mantle by a boundary called……………….
Answer:
Weichart – Gutenberg discontinuity

2. The earthquake waves are recorded by an instrument known as ……………….
Answer:
Seismograph

3. Magma rises to the surface and spreads over a vast area is known as ……………….
Answer:
Lava

4. An example for active volcano ……………….
Answer:
Mauna Loa in Hawaii /Mt. Strampoli / St. Helens / Pinatubo

5. Seismology is the study of ……………….
Answer:
Earthquakes

III. Circle the odd one:

Answer:

IV. Match the following:

Answer:

V. Consider the foiiowirig statementand (✓) Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : There structure of the earth may be compared to that of an Apple.
Reason (R) : The interior of the earth consists of crust, mantle and core.
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is incorrect but R is correct
d) Both A and R are incorrect
Answer:
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : The Pacific Ocean includes two thirds of the world’s volcanoes.
Reason (R) : The boundary along the Eastern and Western coast areas of the Pacific Ocean is known as the Pacific Ring of Fire.
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is incorrect but R is correct
d) Both A and R are incorrect A
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explains R

VI. Answer in a word:

Question 1.
Name the outermost layer of the earth.
Answer:
The crust

Question 2.
What is SIAL?
Answer:
The upper part of the crust i.e., Silica and Alumina.

Question 3.
Name the movement of the Earth’s lithospheric plates?
Answer:
Techtonic Movements

Question 4.
Give an example of an extinct volcano
Answer:
Mt. Popa of Myanmar

VII. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1.
What is the mantle?
Answer:
The layer of the earth beneath the crust is called the mantle. It is separated from the crust by a boundary called Mohorovicic discontinuity.

Question 2.
Write a note on the core of the earth?
Answer:
The innermost layer of the earth is called the core. It is also known as the barysphere. It is separated from the mantle by a boundary called Weichart-Gutenberg discontinuity. The core is also divided into two parts.

1. The outer core, which is rich in iron, is in the liquid state.
2. The inner core, composed of Nickel and Ferrous (Nife), is solid in the state.

Question 3.
Define an Earthquake.
Answer:
A sudden movement of a portion of the earth’s crust which produces a shaking or trembling is known as an earthquake.

Question 4.
What is Seismograph?
Answer:
The earthquake waves are recorded by an instrument known as a seismograph.

Question 5.
What is a Volcano?
Answer:
A volcano is a vent or an opening in the earth’s crust through which hot magma erupts from deep below the surface. The opening is usually circular in form.

Question 6.
Name the three types of volcanoes based on the periodicity of the eruption.
Answer:
On the basis of shape, there are three types of volcanoes. They are:

1. Shield volcano
2. Cinder-cone volcano
3. Composite volcano

VIII. Give reason:

Question 1.
No one has been able to take samples from the interior of the earth
Answer:
The innermost layer of the earth is called the core. The central core has very high temperature and pressure. So no one has been able to take samples from the interior of the earth.

Question 2.
The Continent crust is less dense than the oceanic crust.
Answer:
Despite the greater thickness, the continental crust is less dense than the oceanic crust because it is made of both light and dense rock types.

IX. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
SIAL and SIMA
Answer:
SIAL

1. SIAL is the upper part of the crust
2. Consists of granite rocks
3. Forms the continents
4. Silica and Alumina are the main mineral constituents.

SIMA

1. SIMA is the lower part of the crust
2. Consists of denser basaltic rocks
3. Forming the ocean floors.
4. Silica and Magnesium are the main mineral constituents.

Question 2.
Active volcano and a dormant volcano
Answer:
Active Volcano

1. Volcanoes that erupt frequently are called active volcanoes.
2. 600 active volcanoes in the world.
3. Ex: Mt. Stromboli, St. Helens, Pinatubo, Mauna Loa

DormantVolcano

1. Volcanoes have no sign of activity for many years but may become active at any time.
2. Also called sleeping Volcano
3. Ex: Vesuvius Mountain, Mt. Fujiyama, Mt. Krakatoa

X. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
Write about the effects of an earthquake?
Answer:
Earthquakes may cause changes in the earth’s surface. They are

• Vibrations often set landslides in mountainous regions.
• Falling of buildings is another danger of earthquakes.
• Most of the houses which collapsed were made of mud and bricks and proved to be death traps.
• Fire is another great danger.
• The underground water system is disturbed.
• Causes great disturbance in the water.
• The floods and waves cause great loss of life.

Question 2.
Describe the classification of volcanoes based on the eruptions.
Answer:
There are three types of Volcanoes based on eruptions.

• Active Volcanoes
• Dormant Volcanoes
• Extinct Volcanoes

Active Volcanoes:

• It erupts frequently. Most of them lie in the Pacific Ring of Fire belt.
• There are about 600 active Volcanoes in the world. Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world’s biggest active Volcano.
• Ex: Mt. Stromnoli, St. Helens, Pinatubo.

Dormant Volcanoes:

• It has shown no sign of activity for many years but they may become active at any time.
• It is also called a sleeping Volcano.
• Ex: Vesuvius mountain, Mt. Fujiyama, Mt. Krakatoa.

Extinct Volcanoes

• The top of extinct Volcanic mountains has been eroded.
• Ex: Mt. Popa, Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya.

Question 3.
Name the major zones of volcanic activity and explain anyone.
Answer:
There are three major zones of volcanic activities in the world. They are:

1. The Circum – Pacific belt
2. The Midcontinental belt
3. The Mid Atlantic belt

Circum Beit
This is the volcanic zone of the convergent oceanic plate boundary. It includes the volcanoes of the eastern and western coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean. This zone is popularly termed as the Pacific Ring of Fire which has been estimated to include two-thirds of the world’s volcanoes

XI. HOTs:

Question 1.
The earth’s interior is very hot. Why?
Answer:

• The innermost layer of the earth, called the core has two parts, the outer core, and the inner core.
• The outer core is rich in iron and is in a liquid state.
• The inner core is made of Nickel and Ferrous which are in a solid-state.
• The central core has a very high temperature and pressure

Question 2.
Are Volcones Destructive (or) Constructive?
Answer:
Volcanoes are constructive and Destructive.
Constructive effects:

1. Volcanoes provide nutrients to the surrounding soil as volcanic ash contains minerals beneficial to plants.
2. Some plateaus and plains are formed due to volcanic eruptions.
3. They cool off the earth removing heat from the interior.

Destructive effects:

1. They cause earthquakes, fast floods, mudslides, and rockfalls.
2. Dust and Ash that come out of volcanoes are very harmful to living things.

Question 3.
How do volcanoes make on Island?
Answer:
Some volcanoes are found under oceans. If an underwater volcano keeps erupting, it can rise above the ocean’s surface and thus as Island is formed.

7th Social Science Guide Interior of the Earth Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
The structure of the earth is compared to ………………
a) Apple
b) Orange
c) Grapes
d) Pomegranate
Answer:
a) Apple

Question 2.
Which is called a blue planet?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Earth
d) Jupiter
Answer:
c) Earth

Question 3.
The earth is covered by water at
a) 60%
b) 71%
c) 15 %
d) 10%
Answer:
b) 71%

Question 4.
The outer core is rich in
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Aluminium
d) Copper
Answer:
a) Iron

Question 5.
The radius of the earth is ………………kms.
a) 6731
b) 6421
c)6371
d) 6571
Answer:
c) 6371

Question 6.
The mantle forms ……………… of the earth’s volume
a) 1 %
b) 15 %
c) 75%
d) 84 %
Answer:
d) 84 %

Question 7.
The crust forms ………………makes the core
a) 15%
b) 1 %
c) 84 %
d) 54%
Answer:
15 %

Question 8.
How many active volcanoes in the world?
a) 500
b) 600
c) 700
d) 800
Answer:
b) 600

Question 9.
How many major zones of volcanic activities in the world?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) Four
Answer:
c) three

Question 10.
The upper part of the earth’s crust
a) SIMA
b) core
c) SIAL
d) Mantle
Answer:
c) SIAL

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The oceanic crust is composed mostly of …………………. rocks.
Answer:
dense

2. The upper part of the crust consists of …………………rocks.
Answer:
granite

3. The sial and the sima together form the earth…………………
Answer:
Crust

4. Mantle is separated from the crust by a boundary called…………………
Answer:
Mohorovicic discontinuity

5. The core is also known as …………………
Answer:
barysphere

6. The outer core is rich in …………………
Answer:
iron

7. The crust forms ………………… of the earth’s volume.
Answer:
1%

8. The movement of the Earth’s lithospheric plates is termed as ………………… movements.
Answer:
tectonic

9. A………………… is formed between two plates.
Answer:
trench

10. The earthquake is measured by the ………………… scale.
Answer:
Richter

11. The earthquake is a ………………… activity.
Answer:
Volcanic

12. Tsunami is a ………………… term.
Answer:
Japanese

13. On ………………… A tsunami occured in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
26th Dec 2004

14. The opening of the Volcano is usually ………………… in form,
Answer:
circular

15. The semi-molten state of interior earth is called…………………
Answer:
Magma

III. Circle the odd one:

IV. Match the following:

Answer:

V. Consider the following statement and (✓) Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : A greater danger in an Earthquake is the falling of buildings.
Reason (R) : Earthquake may cause changes in the earth’s surface
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and Rare correct but A does not explain.R
e) A is incorrect but R is correct
d) Both A and R are incorrect
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explain R.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : The Himalayan region and the Ganga Brahmaputra valley are prone to earthquakes.
Reason (R) : A number of earthquakes have been experiencing in Brahmaputra valley,
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is incorrect but R is correct
d) Both A and R are incorrect
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explain R

VI. Answer in a word:

Question 1.
What is the three concentric layers of the earth?
Answer:

• The crust
• The mantle and
• The core

Question 2.
What are the causes of the Earthquake?
Answer:

• The chief cause of the Earthquake is the sudden slipping of the portion of the earth’s crust along with fractures or faults.
• The sudden shifting of landmass causes upheavals.
• Volcanic activity

Question 3.
What are the types of earthquake waves?
Answer:
There are three types of earthquake waves:

1. P waves or longitudinal waves
2. S waves or transverse waves
3. L waves or surface waves

Question 4.
What is Magma?
Answer:
The molten rock material within the earth, together with gases, is called magma.

Question 5.
What is a caldera?
Answer:
The crater of a volcano is of great size and is shaped like a basin it is called a caldera. These are caused by violent explosions that blow away entire tops of great cones.

VII. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1.
What is the crust?
Answer:

• The crust is the outermost layer of the earth.
• It is about 35 km on the continental masses and 5 km on the oceanic floors.

The crust comprises two parts:

1. The upper part called SIAL and
2. The lower part called SIMA. SIAL is lighter than SIMA.

Question 2.
What is tectonic Movement?
Answer:

• Each lithospheric continental or oceanic plate moves over the asthenosphere.
• This movement is termed as tectonic movements.

Question 3.
What is Asthenosphere?
Answer:
The Asthenosphere is the part of the mantle that flows and moves the plates of the earth.

Question 4.
How the earthquake can be recorded?
Answer:

• The earthquake waves are recorded by an instrument known as a seismograph and measured by the Richter Scale. An earthquake of 2.0 on the Richter Scale or less can be little.
• Over 5.0 on the Richter Scale cause damage from things falling. Above 6.0 on the Richter Scale is considered as very Strong and 7.0 on the Richter Scale is classified as a major earthquake.

Question 5.
Give a note on Tsunami 2004
Answer:

• On 26th December 2004, Tsunami in the Indian Ocean swept the coastal area of Indonesia, India, Srilanka, Thailand, etc.
• They caused immense damage to life and property in the coastal area.

Question 6.
What is a Tsunami?

• Tsunami, a Japanese term is a name given to the huge wave caused in the sea by an earthquake.
• Tsunamis are quite common along the coasts of Japan and other regions in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 7.
Write a note on Barren Island.

• Barren Island is situated in the Andaman Sea and lies about 138 km Northeast of the territory’s capital.
• It is the only active volcano from Sumatra to Myanmar. The last eruption occured in 2017.

X. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
Explain the divisions of Earth Movements?
Answer:

• The movement of the Lithospheric plates causes changes and force on the surface of the earth. They are
  1. Endogenic forces
  2. Exogenic forces

Endogenic forces:

• The forces which act in the interior of the earth are called Endogenic forces.
• Ex: Earthquakes and volcanoes.

Exogenic forces:
The forces that work on the surface of the earth are called Exogenic forces.

Question 2.
What are the causes of Volcanic Activity?
Answer:

• The temperature increases at the rate of 10°C for every 35 meters with pressure.
• So the interior of the earth is in a semi-molten state called magma.
• The magma under great pressure dissolves great volume and combustible gases.
• This makes volcanic material burst forth through the weak spots in the earth’s crust.

Question 3.
Describe the distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanoes in the world.
Answer:
Distribution of Earthquakes:

1. In the pacific ring of fire 68% of earthquakes occur. Another 31% of earthquakes take place in the Mediterranean – Himalayan belt and Asia minor.
2. The remaining percent of earthquakes occur in NorthemAfrica and Rift Valley areas, Ganga – Brahmaputra Valley.

Distribution of Volcanoes:

1. Volcanoes are located in regions which are intensely folded or faulted.
2. They are about 600 active volcanoes and thousands of dormant and extinct ones.
3. They occur along with the coastal mountain ranges, like offshore islands and the midst of oceans.
4. The Volcanic belts are the principal earthquake belts of the world.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Poem 1 Why Questions Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Poem 1 Why Questions

5th English Guide Why Questions Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Match the rhyming words:

Answer:

B. List questions to which you seek answer using ‘Why?’:

Answer:

C. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why should we ask questions?
Ans :
We should ask questions to know the answers. Thus we can improve our knowledge.

Question 2.
Do you love to seek answers to the questions?
Answer:
Yes.

Let Us Know:

Adverb:

Words that describe an action or verb are called adverbs.

How:

When:

Where:

How Often:

A. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:

B. Circle and write the adverbs:

Question 1.
He laughed merrily.
Answer:
Merrily

Question 2.
We will leave today.
Answer:
Today

Question 3.
Suddenly the old man fainted.
Answer:
Suddenly

Question 4.
I’m waiting here.
Answer:
Here

Question 5.
I drink coffee thrice.
Answer:
Thrice

C. Pick and write the adverbs to complete the sentences:
(loudly, beautifully, brilliantly, bravely, cunningly)

Question 1.

My dog barks _______.
Answer:
My dog barks loudly.

Question 2.

She won the game _______.
Answer:
She won the game brilliantly.

Question 3.

She coloured the picture _______.
Answer:
She coloured the picture beautifully.

Question 4.

The lion fought _______.
Answer:
The lion fought bravely.

Question 5.

A jackal cheated the crow _______.
Answer:
A jackal cheated the crow cunningly.

Let us Listen:

Listen to the audio and fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
In North America football is known as _______.
Answer:
soccer

Question 2.
It is a game with two teams of _______ players.
Answer:
eleven

Question 3.
Fouls usually lead to a _______.
Answer:
yellow card

Question 4.
Two yellow cards are equal to one _______.
Answer:
red card

Question 5.
Yellow card is known as _______.
Answer:
caution

Let us speak:

How to deliver a speech?

There are 3 important steps to learn to deliver a speech.

Step 1: Connect

• Maintain eye contact with all.
• Move your hands to express
• Maintain your volume (everyone should be able to hear you)

Step 2: Construct

• Topic: Good day to one and all. Today, I am going to speak about _______.
• Opinion: I feel ___ (Express your opinion of the topic.)
• Examples: Give three examples to strengthen your opinion.
• Opinion: Tell your opinion again.
• Closing: Thank you all.

Step 3: Content

• Topic: _______ (What is your topic?)
• Opinion: _______ (How do you feel about the topic?)
• Example 1: _______ (Why do you feel so?)
• Example 2: _______ (Why do you feel so?)
• Example 3: _______ (Why do you feel so?)
• Opinion: _______ (How do you feel about the topic?)
• Closing: _______.

Pair up and speak to your partner on the topic “My favourite hero” for 30 seconds:

My favourite hero

Good day to one and all. Today, I am going to speak about my favourite hero, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

He was a man from Rameshwaram who dreamt of touching the sky by becoming a pilot. He ended up being one of the most popular Presidents of India.

He was well known for his contributions to science. He was a motivational speaker. He was also an academician and wrote many inspirational books.

He developed missiles AGNI ( a ballistic missile) and PRITHVI (surface to surface missile). Thus he was known as the Missile Man of India.

He received doctorates from nearly 40 universities, including Edinburg University and Oakland University.
Switzerland commemorates May 26 as Science Day in memory of APJ Abdul Kalam as it was on this day in 2005 when he visited the country.

Even in his death, Dr. Kalam gave us a message worth remembering. He died doing what he loved the most – teaching and igniting young people’s minds with his words of wisdom. Thank you all for listening to my speech.

5th English Guide Why Questions Additional Questions and Answers

A. Match the following:

Answer:

B.

Answer:

Additional Grammar:

Adverb:

1. Most adverbs are formed by adding ” – ly” to an adjective.
   regular + ly → regularly
   (adjective) (adverb)
2. If the adjective already ends in “-ly”, the “-y” usually changes to “-i”.
   heavy → heavily (adjective) (adverb)
3. There are many common adverbs that do not end in “-ly”.
   e.g. again, also, just, never, often, soon, today, too, very, well.

I. Use the adverbs and fill in the blanks:
(normally, never, gradually, always, regularly, generally)

Question 1.
Police men are _______ trained well.
Answer:
generally

Question 2.
Story books have _______ a fascinated me.
Answer:
always

Question 3.
I go to college _______.
Answer:
regularly

Question 4.
Mom _______ lets me stay up late.
Answer:
never

Question 5.
My fever _______ reduced.
Answer:
gradually

Additional Delivering A Speech:

Deliver a speech on “Healthy foods”:

Healthy foods

A very good morning to all present here. Today I am going to speak about healthy foods.

Eating the right foods keeps us healthy, without disease, and gives us long life. So it is essential to know about healthy foods.

Healthy foods are all naturally available foods around us. Most of them are cheap. Cereals, fruits, and vegetables are available everywhere. Most of them may be eaten raw to get all the nutrients present in them.

When natural foods are cooked in too much water, the nutrients are lost. When we remove the outer coats of fruits and vegetables, the high nutrients in them are lost.

There should be variety in the foods we eat. Seasonal fruits and vegetables are easily available and cheap too. They strengthen our organs.

When natural foods are healthy and tasty, we need not go for junk foods that are harmful and brings in problems like indigestion.

Let’s take a pledge today to eat healthy foods and keep away junk foods.

Why Questions Summary in English and Tamil

Why is the sky blue?
Why is the earth round?
Why is silk soft?
Why is fire hot?
Think! Why is it so?

வானம் ஏன் நீல நிறமாக உள்ளது?
பூமி ஏன் உருண்டையாக உள்ளது?
பட்டு ஏன் மென்மையாக உள்ளது?
நெருப்பு ஏன் சூடாக உள்ளது?
சிந்தியுங்கள்! அது ஏன் அப்படி உள்ளது?

Why does the river flow?
Why does the wind blow?
Why does the sun shine?
Why does the rain pour?
Think! Why is it so?

ஆறு ஏன் ஓடுகிறது?
காற்று ஏன் வீசுகிறது?
சூரியன் ஏன் ஒளி வீசுகிறது?
மழை ஏன் பெய்கிறது?
சிந்தியுங்கள் ! அது ஏன் அப்படி?

Let us seek,
With questions all week,
As we grow,
With answers to know,
Think!

நாம் தேடுவோமாக,
வாரம் முழுவதும் வினாக்களுடன்.
நாம் வளரும் போது,
விடைகளை அறிந்து கொள்ள,
சிந்தியுங்கள்!

Why Questions Glossary:

Blow – to move along (வீசுதல்)
Pour – flowing (பெய்தல்)
Shine – bright (ஒளிருதல்)
Soft – smooth (மென்மையான)

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions Ex 1.5 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions Ex 1.5

Choose the correct or the most suitable answer.

Question 1.
If A = {(x,y): y = e^x, x ∈ R} and B = {(x, y): y = e^-x, x ∈ R},then n(A ∩ B) is
(1) Infinity
(2) 0
(3) 1
(4) 2
Answer:
(3) 1

Explaination:
Given
A = {(x,y): y = e^x, x ∈ R}
B = {(x,y): y = e^-x, x ∈ R}
Consider the curve y = e^x
When x = 0 ⇒ y = e^-0 = 1
When x = ∞ ⇒ y = e^-∞ = ∞
When x = -∞ ⇒ y = e^∞ = 0

Consider the curve y = e^-x.
When x = 0 ⇒ y = e^-0 = 1
When x = ∞ ⇒ y = e^-∞ = 0
When x = -∞ ⇒ y = e^∞ = ∞


(0, 1) is the only point common to y = e<sup.x and y = e^-x
∴ A ∩ B = {(0,1)} ⇒ n (A ∩ B ) = 1

Question 2.
If A = { ( x, y): y = sin x, x ∈ R } and B = { ( x, y): y = cos x, x ∈ R} then A ∩ B contains
(1) no element
(2) infinitely many elements
(3) only one element
(4) cannot be determined
Answer:
(2) infinitely many elements

Explaination:
Given A = { (x, y): y = sin x, x ∈ R}
B = {(x, y): y = cos x, x ∈ R }
Consider the equations y = sin x and y = cos x
sin x = cos x ⇒ \(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\) = 1
tan x = 1 ⇒ x = nπ + \(\) for n ∈ z
There are infinite number of common points for the sets A and B

Question 3.
The relation R defined on a set A = {0, -1, 1, 2} by x R y if |x² + y²| ≤ 2,
then which one of the following is true.
(1) R = {(0,0), (0,-1), (0,1), (-1,0), (-1,1), (1,2), (1,0)}
(2) R^-1 = {(0, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)}
(3) Domain of R is {0,- 1, 1, 2}
(4) Range of R is {0, -1, 1}
Answer:
(4) Range of R is {0, -1, 1}

Explaination:
A= {0, -1, 1, 2}
|x² + y²| ≤ 2
The values of x and y can be 0, -1 or 1
So range = {0, -1, 1}

Question 4.
If f(x) = |x – 2 | + |x + 2| x ∈ R then
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Answer:
(1)

Explaination:
f(x) = |x – 2| + |x + 2|, x ∈ R
Divide the Real line into three intervals

In the interval (2, ∞), both the factors x – 2 and x + 2 are positive.
∴ f(x) = x – 2 + x + 2 = 2x
f(x) = 2x for all x ∈ (2, ∞)

In the interval (- ∞, – 2 ] both the factors x – 2 and x + 2 are negative.
∴ f(x) = – (x – 2) – (x + 2)
= – x + 2 – x – 2 = – 2x
∴ f(x) = – 2x for all x ∈ (- ∞,- 2]

In the interval (—2, 2], the factor x – 2 is negative and the factor x + 2 is positive.
∴ f(x) = – (x – 2) + (x + 2)
f(x) = – x + 2 + x + 2 = 4
Thus f(x) = 4 for all x ∈ (- 2, – 2]

Question 5.
Let R be the set of all real numbers. Consider the following subsets of the plane R × R:
S = { (x, y): y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 27 and
T = {(x, y): x – y is an integer} Then which of the following is true?
(1) T is an equivalence relation but S Is not an equivalence relation
(2) Neither S nor T is an equivalence relation
(3) Both S and T are equivalence relation
(4) S is an equivalence relation but T is not an equivalence relation.
Answer:
(1) T is an equivalence relation but S Is not an equivalence relation

Explanation:
(0, 1), (1, 2) it is not an equivalence relation
T is an equivalence relation

Question 6.
Let A and B be subsets of the universal set N, the set of natural numbers. Then A’ ∪ [(A ∩ B) ∪ B’] is
(1) A
(2) A’
(3) B
(4) N
Answer:
(4) N

Explaination:
Let N = {1, 2, 3, ……….. 10}
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
B = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A’ = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }
B’ = { 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 }
A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ∪ {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(A ∪ B) ∩ B’ = {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9,10} ∩ { 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5 }
(A ∪ B) ∩ B’= {1,2, 3,4, 5}
A’ ∪ [(A ∪ B ) ∩ B’] = { 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10 } ∪ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
= {1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A’ ∪ [(A ∪ B) ∩ B’] = N

Question 7.
The number of students who take both the subjects Mathematics and Chemistry is 70. This represents 10% of the enrollment in Mathematics and 14% of the enrollment in Chemistry. The number of students takes atleast one of these two subjects, is
(1) 1120
(2) 1130
(3) 1100
(4) Insufficient data
Answer:
(2) 1130

Explanation:
n(M ∪ C) = n(M) + n(C) – n(M ∩ C)
= 700 + 500 – 70
= 1130

Question 8.
If n[ (A × B) n (A × C) ] = 8 and n(B ∩ C) = 2 then n(A) is
(1) 6
(2) 4
(3) 8
(4) 16
Answer:
(2) 4

Explaination:
Given n[(A × B) n (A × C)] = 8
n(B ∩ C) = 2
n[(A × B) ∩ (A × C)] = 8
A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C) ]
⇒ n [A × (B ∩ C)] = 8
⇒ n(A) . n (B ∩ C) = 8
⇒ n(A). 2 = 8
⇒ n(A) = \(\frac{8}{2}\) = 4

Question 9.
If n(A) = 2 and n(B ∪ C) = 3,then n[(A × B) ∪ (A × C)] is
(1) 2³
(2) 3²
(3) 6
(4) 5
Answer:
(3) 6

Explaination:
n[(A × B) ∪ (A × C)] = n[ A × (B ∪ C)] = n(A) × n(B ∪ C)
= 2 × 3
= 6

Question 10.
If two sets A and B have 17 elements in common, then the number of elements common to the set A × B and B × A is
(1) 2¹⁷
(2) 17²
(3) 34
(4) Insufficient data
Answer:
(2) 17²

Explanation:
If two sets A and B have 17 elements in common, then the number of elements common to the set A × B
and B × A is 17²

Question 11.
For non-empty sets A and B, if A ⊂ B then (A × B) ∩ (B × A) is equal to
(1) A ∩ B
(2) A × A
(3) B × B
(4) None of these
Answer:
(2) A × A

Explanation:
When A ⊂ B, (A × B) ∩ (B × A) = A × A

Question 12.
The number of relations on a set containing 3 elements is
(1) 9
(2) 81
(3) 512
(4) 1024
Answer:
(3) 512

Explanation:
The number of relations on a set containing n elements is 2ⁿ². Here n = 3
∴ Required number = 2³² = 2⁹
= 512

Question 13.
Let R be the universal relation on a set X with more than one element. Then R is
(1) not reflexive
(2) not symmetric
(3) transitive
(4) none of the above
Answer:
(3) transitive

Explanation:
Given R is a universal relation on the set X.
The universal relation is always an equivalence relation.
R is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.

Question 14.
Let X = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } and R = { ( 1, 1 ), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 1), (3, 1), (1, 4), ( 4, 1) } . Then R is
(1) Reflexive
(2) Symmetric
(3) Transitive
(4) Equivalence
Answer:
(2) Symmetric

Explanation:
(4, 4} ∉ R ⇒ R is not reflexive
(1, 4), (4, 1) ∈ R ⇒ R is symmetric
(1, 4), (4, 1) ∈ R but (4, 4) ∉ R
So R is not transitive

Question 15.
The range of the function \(\frac{1}{1-2 \sin x}\) is
(1) (- ∞, – 1) ∪ (\(\frac{1}{3}\), ∞)
(2) (-1, \(\frac{1}{3}\))
(3) [-1, \(\frac{1}{3}\)]
(4) (- ∞, – 1] ∪ [\(\frac{1}{3}\), ∞)
Answer:
(4) (- ∞, – 1] ∪ [\(\frac{1}{3}\), ∞)

Explaination:

Question 16.
The range of the function
f(x) = |[x] – x|, x ∈ R is
(1) [0, 1]
(2) [0, ∞)
(3) [0, 1)
(4) (0, 1)
Answer:
(3) [0, 1)

Explaination:
f(x) = |[x] – x|
When x = 1 ,
we have [x] = [1] = 1
f(1) = |1 – 1| = o

When x = 1.5
we have [x} = [1.5] = 1
f(1.5) = |1 – 1.5| = |- 0.5| = 0.5

When x = 2.5
we have [x] = [2.5] = 2
f (2.5) = |2 – 2.5| = |- 0.5| = 0.5

When x = – 2.5
we have [x] = [- 2.5] = – 3
f (-2.5) = |- 3 – (-2.5| = |- 3 + 0.5| = |- 0.5| = 0.5
∴ Range of f(x) = |[x] – x| is [0, 1)

Question 17.
The rule f(x) = x² is a bijection if the domain and the co – domain are given by
(1) R, R
(2) R,(0, ∞)
(3) (0, ∞)R
(4) [0, ∞), [0, ∞)
Answer:
(4) [0, ∞), [0, ∞)

Explaination:
Let x ∈ R, then x can be negative or zero or positive.
Given f(x) = x²
The image of x under f is always positive since x² is positive for x = 1 and x = – 1 ∈ R
f(1) = 1² = 1
f(-1) = (-1)² = 1
∴ 1, – 1 have the same image
∴ f is not one – one if the domain is R.
Suppose the domain is [0, ∞) then f is one – one and onto.
Domain = [0, ∞)
Co-domain = [0, ∞)

Question 18.
The number of constant functions from a set containing m elements to a set containing n elements is
(1) mn
(2) m
(3) n
(4) m + n
Answer:
(3) n

Explanation:
Let A be a set having m elements and B be a set having n elements.
When all the elements of A mapped onto the first element of B we get the first constant function. When all the elements of A mapped onto the second element of B we get the second constant function.

When all the elements of A mapped on to the n^th element of B, we get the n^th constant function.
∴ The number of constant functions possible is n.

Question 19.
The function f:[0, 2π] → [- 1, 1] defined by f(x) = sin x is
(1) one to one
(2) onto
(3) bijection
(4) cannot be defined
Answer:
(2) onto

Explaination:
f : [0, 2π] → [- 1, 1]
Defined by f (x) = sin x
f(0) = sin 0 = 0

Question 20.
If the function f : [-3, 3] → S defined by f(x ) = x² is onto, then S is
(1) [-9, 9]
(2) R
(3) [-3, 3]
(4) [0, 9]
Answer:
(4) [0, 9]

Explaination:
f: [-3, 3] → S defined by f(x) = x²
f(-3) = (-3)² = 9
f(0) = 0² = o
f(3) = 3² = 9
∴ S = [0, 9]

Question 21.
Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4}, Y = { a, b , c, d } and f = {(1, a), (4, b), (2, c), (3, d), (2, d)}. Then f is
(1) an one – to – one function
(2) an onto function
(3) a function which is not one to one
(4) not a function
Answer:
(4) not a function

Explaination:
X = {1, 2, 3, 4}, Y = {a, b, c, d>
f = {(1, a), (4, b), (2, c), (3, d), (2, d)}

f is not a function since 2 ∈ X has two images c and d.

Question 22.
The inverse of

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Answer:
(1)

Explaination:

Let f(x) = x if x < 1 —— (1)
Put y = x then
(1) ⇒ f(x) = y
⇒ x = f^-1(y) if y < 1
⇒ y = f^-1(y) if y < 1
⇒ f^-1(x) = x if x < 1
Let f(x) = x² if 1 ≤ x ≤ 4 —– (2)
Put y = x² ⇒ x = √y, if 1 ≤ y ≤ 16
then (2) ⇒ f(x) = y
⇒ x = f^-1(y) if 1 ≤ y ≤ 16
⇒ √(y) = f^-1(y) if 1 ≤ y ≤ 16
⇒ √x = f^-1(y) if 1 ≤ x ≤ 16
Let f(x) = 8√x if x > 4 ———– (3)
Put y = 8√x ⇒ y² = 64 x
⇒ x = \(\frac{y^{2}}{64}\) if y>16
then (3) ⇒ f(x) = y
⇒ x = f^-1(y) if y > 16
⇒ √y = f^-1(y) if y > 16
⇒ \(\frac{y^{2}}{64}\) = f^-1(x) if x > 16

Question 23.
Let f: R → R be defined by f(x) = 1 – |x|. Then the range of f is
(1) R
(2) (1, ∞)
(3) (-1, ∞)
(4) (- ∞, 1)
Answer:
(4) (- ∞, 1)

Explaination:
f: R ➝ R defined by
f(x) = 1 – |x|
For example,
f(1) = 1 – 1 = 0
f(8) = 1 – 8 = -1
f(-9) = 1 – 9 = -8
f(-0.2) = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
so range = (-∞, 1]

Question 24.
The function f : R → R be defined by f(x) = sin x + cos x is
(1) an odd function
(2) neither an odd function nor an even function
(3) an even function
(4) both odd function and even function
Answer:
(2) neither an odd function nor an even function

Explaination:
f : R → R is defined by f(x) = sin x + cos x
f(-x) = sin (-x) + cos (-x) = -sin x + cos x ≠ f (x)
If f(-x) = -f(x) then f(x) is an odd function.
If f(-x) = f(x) then f(x) is an even function.
∴ f (x) is neither odd function nor an even function.

Question 25.
The function f : R → R be defined by

(1) an odd function
(2) neither an odd function nor an even function
(3) an even function
(4) both odd function and even function.
Answer:
(3) an even function

Explanation:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions Ex 1.4 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions Ex 1.4

Question 1.
For the curve y = x³ given in figure below, draw
(i) y = – x³
(ii) y = x³ + 1
(iii) y = x³ – 1
(iv) y = (x + 1)³ with the same scale.

Answer:
(i) y = – x³

The graph y = – x³ is the reflection of the graph y = x³ about x-axis.
The graph of y = – f( x) is the reflection of the graph of y = f( x) about x – axis.

(ii) y = x³ + 1

The graph of y = x³ + 1, causes the graph y = x³ a shift to the upward by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x) + d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the upward by d units.

(iii) y = x³ – 1

The graph of y = x³ – 1, causes the graph y = x³ a shift to the downward by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x) – d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the downward by d units.

(iv) y = (x + 1)⁰⁰³³

The graph y = (x + 1)³ causes the graph of y = x³ a shift to the left by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by c units.

Question 2.
For the given curve y = x^1/3 given in figure draw
(i) y = – x^1/3
(ii) y = x^1/3 + 1
(iii) y = x^1/3 – 1
(iv) y = (x + 1)^1/3
Answer:

(i) y = – x^1/3
-y = x^1/3
(-y)³ = x
-y³ = x
When y = 0 ⇒ – 0³ ⇒ x = 0
y = 1 ⇒ – 1³ = x ⇒ x = – 1
y = 2 ⇒ – 2³ = x ⇒ x = – 8
y = 3 ⇒ – 3³ = x ⇒ x = – 27
y = -1 ⇒ – (-1)³ = x ⇒ x = 1
y = -2 ⇒ – (-2)³ = x ⇒ x = 8
y = -3 ⇒ – (- 3)³ = x ⇒ x = 27

The graph of y = – x^1/3 is the reflection of the graph of y = x^1/3 about the x-axis.
The graph of y = – f(x) is the reflection of the graph of y = f(x) about x – axis.

(ii) y = x^1/3 + 1
y – 1 = x^1/3
⇒ (y – 1)³ = x

When
y = 0 ⇒ (0 – 1 )³ = x ⇒ x = – 1
y = 1 ⇒ (1 – 1)³ = x ⇒ x = 0
y = 2 ⇒ ( 2 – 1 )³ = x ⇒ x = 1
y = 3 ⇒ (3 – 1)³ = x ⇒ x = 8
y = -1 ⇒ (-1 – 1)³ = x ⇒ x = – 8
y = -2 ⇒ (-2 – 1)³ = x ⇒ x = – 27

The graph of y = x^1/3 + 1 causes the graph y = x^1/3 a shift to the upward by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x) + d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the upward by d units.

(iii) y = x^1/3 – 1
y + 1 = x^1/3
( y + 1)³ = x
When
y = 0 ⇒ (0 + 1)³ = x ⇒ x = 1
y = 1 ⇒ ( 1 + 1)³ = x ⇒ x = 8
y = 2 ⇒ (2 + 1)³ = x ⇒ x = 27
y = – 1 ⇒ (-1 + 1)³ = x ⇒ x = 0
y = – 2 ⇒ (-2 + 1)³ = x ⇒ x = – 1
y = – 3 ⇒ (-3 + 1)³ = x ⇒ x = – 8

The graph of y = x^1/3 – 1 causes the graph y = x^1/3 a shift to the downward by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x) – d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the downward by d units.

(iv) (x + 1)^1/3
y³ = x + 1
When
y = 0 ⇒ 0³ = x + 1 ⇒ x = -1
y = 1 ⇒ 1³ = x + 1 ⇒ x = 0
y = 2 ⇒ 2³ = x + 1 ⇒ x = 8 – 1 = 7
y = 3 ⇒ 3³= x + 1 ⇒ x = 27 – 1 = 26
y = – 1 ⇒ (-1)³ = x + 1 ⇒ x = – 1 – 1 = – 2
y = -2 ⇒ (-2)³ = x + 1 ⇒ x = – 8 – 1 = – 9

The graph of y = (x + 1)³ causes the graph y = x^1/3 a shift to the left by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by c units.

Question 3.
Graph the functions f(x) = x³ and g (x) = \(\sqrt[3]{x}\) on the same coordinate plane. Find fog and the graph it on the plane as well. Explain your results.
Answer:
Given functions are f(x) = x3 and g(x) = x^1/3
fog (x) = f(g(x))
= f\(\left(x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\)
= \(\left(x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^{3}\) = x
f(x) = x³

g(x) = x^1/3

Graph of fog(x) = x

Since fog(x) = x is symmetric about the line y = x, g(x) is the inverse image of f(x).
∴ g(x) = f^-1(x)

Question 4.
Write steps to obtain the graph of the function y = 3 (x – 1 )² + 5 from the graph y = x²
Answer:
Step 1:
Draw the graph y = x²

Step 2:
The graph of y = (x – 1)² shifts to the right for one unit.

The graph of y = (x – 1 )² shifts the graph
y = x² to the right by 1 unit.
The graph of y = f(x – c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the right by c units.

Step 3:
The graph of y = 3 (x – 1)² compresses towards y – axis that is moves away from the x – axis since the multiplying factor is which is greater than 1.

The graph of y = 3 (x – 1)² compresses the graph y = (x – 1)² towards the y-axis that is moving away from the x-axis since the multiplying factor is greater than 1.

For the graph y = kf(x), If k is a positive constant greater than one, the graph moves away from the x-axis. If k is a positive constant less than one, the graph moves towards the x-axis.

Step 4:
The graph of y = 3(x – 1)² + 5 causes the shift to the upward for 5 units.


The graph of y = 3(x – 1)² + 5 causes the graph y = 3(x – 1)² shifts to the upward for 5 units.

The graph of y = f(x) + d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the upward by d units.

Question 5.
From the curve y = sin x, graph the functions.
(i) y = sin (- x)
(ii) y = -sin(-x)
(iii) y = sin\(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)\) which is cos x
(iv) y = sin\(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)\) which is also cos x
(Refer Trigonometry )
Answer:
y = sin x

(i) y = sin(-x)
y = – sin x

The graph of y = sin (- x) is the reflection of the graph of y = sin x about y-axis.
The graph of y = f(- x) is the reflection of the graph of y = f(x) about y – axis.

(ii) y = – sin (-x)
y = sin x


y = – sin (-x) is the reflection of y = sin (-x) about the x – axis.
The graph of y = – f( x) is the reflection of the graph of y = f( x) about x – axis.

(iii) y = sin\(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)\)


The graph of y = sin \(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)\) causes y = sin x a shift to the left by \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) units.
The graph of y = f(x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by c units.

(iv) y = sin\(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)\)



The graph of sin \(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)\) causes the graph y = sin x a shift to the right by \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) unit.

The graph of y = f(x – c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the right by c units.

Question 6.
From the curve y = x draw
(i) y = -x
(ii) y = 2x
(iii) y = x + 1
(iv) y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1
(v) 2x + y + 3 = 0
Answer:

(i) y = -x

Graph of y = – x is the reflection of the graph of y = x about the x – axis.
The graph of y = – f(x) is the reflection of the graph of y = f(x) about x – axis.

(ii) y = 2x

The graph of y = 2x compresses the graph y = x towards the y-axis that is moving away from the x-axis since the multiplying factor is 2 which is greater than 1.

The graph of y = k f(x), k > 0 moves away from the x-axis if k is greater than 1.

(iii) y = x + 1


The graph of y = x + 1 causes the graph y = x shift to upward by 1 unit.

The graph of y = f(x) + d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the upward by d units.

(iv) y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1
When
x = 0 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 0 + 1 = 1
x = 2 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 2 + 1 = 2
x = 4 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 4 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
x = 6 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 6 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4
x = – 2 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × – 2 +1= – 1 + 1 = 0
x = – 4 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × – 4 + 1 = – 2 + 1 = – 1
x = – 6 ⇒ y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × – 6 + 1 = – 3 + 1 = – 2


The graph of y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1 stretches the graph y = x towards the x – axis since the multiplying factor is \(\frac{1}{2}\) which is less than 1 and shifts to the upward by 1 unit.

The graph of y = kf(x), k > 0 moves towards the x-axis if k is less than 1.
The graph of y = f(x) + d, d >0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the upward by d units.

(v) 2x + y + 3 = 0
y = -2x – 3
When
x = 0 ⇒ y = -2 × 0 – 3 = -3
x = 1 ⇒ y = -2 × 1 – 3 = -5
x = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ⇒ y = – 2 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) – 3 = – 1 – 3 = – 4
x = 2 ⇒ y = -2 × 2 – 3 = – 4 – 3 = – 7
x = – 1 ⇒ y = -2 × – 1 – 3 = 2 – 3 = – 1
x = – 2 ⇒ y = 2 × – 2 – 3 = 4 – 3 = 1
x = – 3 ⇒ y = -2 × -3 – 3 = 6 – 3 = 3


The graph of y = – 2x – 3 stretches the graph y = x towards the x-axis since the multiplying factor is – 2 which is less than 1 and causes the shift to the downward by 3 units.5

The graph of y = kf(x), k > 0 moves towards the x-axis if k is less than 1.
The graph of y = f(x) – d, d >0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the downward by d units.

Question 7.
From the curve y = |x| draw
(i) y = |x – 1| + 1
(ii) y = |x + 1| – 1
(iii) y = |x + 2| – 3
Answer:
y = |x|

(i) y = |x – 1| + 1
(a) Consider y = |x – 1|

x = 0 ⇒ y = – x + 1 ⇒ y = 1
x = 1 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = 0
x = 2 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = 1
x = 3 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = 2
x = – 1 ⇒ y = – x + 1 ⇒ y = 2
x = – 2 ⇒ y = – x + 1 ⇒ y = 3

The graph of y = |x – 1| causes the graph y = |x| a shift to the right by 1 unit.

The graph of y = f(x – c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the right by c units.

(b) Consider y = |x – 1| + 1


x = 0 ⇒ y = – x + 2 ⇒ y = 2
x = 1 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 1
x = 2 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 2
x = 3 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 3
x = – 1 ⇒ y = – x + 2 ⇒ y = 3
x = – 2 ⇒ y = – x + 2 ⇒ y = 4

The graph of y = |x – 1| + 1 shift the graph y = |x| to the right by 1 unit and causes a shift to the upward by 1 unit.

The graph of y = f( x – c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the right by c units.
The graph of y = f(x) + d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the upward by d units.

(ii) y = |x + 1| – 1
(a) Consider y = |x + 1|

x = 0 ⇒ y = x + 1 ⇒ y = 1
x = 1 ⇒ y = x + 1 ⇒ y = 2
x = 2 ⇒ y = x + 1 ⇒ y = 3
x = 3 ⇒ y = x + 1 ⇒ y = 4
x = – 1 ⇒ y = x + 1 ⇒ y = 0
x = – 2 ⇒ y = – (x + 1) ⇒ y = 1
x = – 3 ⇒ y = – (x + 1) ⇒ y = 2

The graph of y = |x + 1| shifts the graph y = |x| to the left by 1 unit.

The graph of y = f( x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by e units.

(b) Consider y = |x + 1| – 1

x = 0 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 0
x = 1 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 1
x = 2 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 2
x = 3 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = 3
x = – 1 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y = – 1
x = – 2 ⇒ y = – x – 2 ⇒ y = 0
x = – 3 ⇒ y = – x – 2 ⇒ y = 1
x = – 4 ⇒ y = – x – 5 ⇒ y = -1

The Graph of y = |x + 1 | – 1 shift the graph y = |x| to the left by 1 unit and causes a shift downward by 1 unit.

The graph of y = f(x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by c units.

The graph of y = f(x) – d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the downward by d units.

(iii) y = |x + 2| – 3
(a) Consider the curve y = |x + 2|

x = 0 ⇒ y = x + 2 ⇒ y = 2
x = 1 ⇒ y = x + 2 ⇒ y = 3
x = 2 ⇒ y = x + 2 ⇒ y = 4
x = 3 ⇒ y = x + 2 ⇒ y = 5
x = – 1 ⇒ y = x + 2 ⇒ y = 1
x = – 2 ⇒ y = x + 2 ⇒ y = 0
x = – 3 ⇒ y = – x – 2 ⇒ y = 1

The graph of y = |x + 2| shifts the graph y = |x| to the left by 2 units.

The graph of y = f(x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by c units.

(b) Consider the curve y = |x + 2| – 3

x = 0 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = – 1
x = 1 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = 0
x = 2 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = 1
x = 3 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = 2
x = – 1 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = – 2
x = – 2 ⇒ y = x – 1 ⇒ y = – 3
x = – 3 ⇒ y = – x – 5 ⇒ y = – 2


The graph of y = |x + 2| – 3 shifts the graph y = |x| to the left by 2 units and causes a shift downward by 3 units.

The graph of y = f(x + c), c > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the left by c units.
The graph of y = f(x) – d, d > 0 causes the graph y = f(x) a shift to the down ward by d units.

Question 8.
From the curve y = sin x, draw y = sin |x| (Hint: sin(- x) = – sin x)
Answer:
y = sin |x|
(a) y = sin x

(b) Consider y = sin |x|

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions Ex 1.3 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions Ex 1.3

Question 1.
Suppose that 120 students are studying in 4 sections of eleventh standard in a school. Let A denote the set of students and B denote the set of the sections. Define a relation from A to B as “x related to y if the student x belongs to the section y”. Is this relation a function? What can you say about the inverse relation? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Given A denotes the set of students and B denotes the set of sections. Aslo given there 120 students and 4 sections.

Let f be a relation from A to B as “x related to y if the student x belongs to the section y”

Two are more students in A may belong to same section in B. But one student in A cannot belong to two or more sections in B. Every student in A can belong to any one of the section in B. Therefore / is a function.

In B we can have sections without students. Every element in B need not have preimage in A.
∴ f need not be onto.
Thus, f is a function and inverse relation for f need not exist.

Question 2.
Write the values of f at – 4, 1, -2, 7, 0 if

Answer:

When x = -4
f(x) = – x + 4
f(-4) = – (-4) + 4
= 4 + 4 = 8

When x = 1
f(x) = x – x²
f(1) = 1 – 1²
= 1 – 1 = 0

When x = -2
f(x) = x² – x
f(-2) = (-2)² – (-2)
= 4 + 2 = 6

When x – 7
f(x) = 0
⇒ f(7) = 0

When x = 0
f(x) = x² – x
⇒ f(0) = 0² – 0 = 0

Question 3.
Write the values of f at – 3, 5, 2, – 1, 0 if

Answer:

When x = – 3
f(x) = x² + x – 5
f(-3) = (-3)² + (-3) – 5
= 9 – 3 – 5
= 9 – 8 = 1

When x = 5
f(x) = x² + 3x – 2
f(5) = 5² + 3(5) – 2
= 25 + 15 – 2
= 40 – 2 = 38

When x = 2
f(x) = x² – 3
f(2) = 2² – 3 = 4 – 3 = 1

When x = – 1
f(x) = x² + x – 5
f(-1) = (-1)² – 1 – 5 = 1 – 1 – 5 = – 5

When x = 0
f(x) = x² – 3
f(0) = 0² – 3

Question 4.
State whether the following relations are functions or not. If it is a function, check for one – to – oneness and ontoness. If it is not a function, state why?
(i) If A = { a, b, c } and f = { (a, c), (b, c), (c, b) }; (f : A → A)
Answer:
A = { a, b, c }
f = {(a, c), (b, c), (c, b)}; f : A → A

f is a function since every element in the domain has a unique image in the codomain.
f is not one-one.
a, b belonging to the domain A has the same image in the codomain A. f is not onto since belonging to the codomain A does not have preimage in the domain A Thus the relation / is a function from A to A and it is neither one-one nor onto.

(ii) If X = { x, y, z } and f = { (x, y), (x, z), (z, x) }; (f: X → X)
Answer:
X = { x, y, z }
f = {(x, y), (x, z), (z , x) } f : X → X

The relation f: X → X is not a function since the element x in the domain has two images in the co-domain.

Question 5.
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = { a, b , c, d } Give a function from A → B for each of the following.
(i) neither one-to-one nor onto.
Answer:

f = { (1, b) , (2, c) , (3, d) , (4, d)
f is a function, it not one to one and not onto.

(ii) not one – to – one but onto
Answer:
Does not exists

(iii) one – to – one but not onto
Answer:
Does not exist

(iv) one – to – one and onto
Answer:

f = { (1, a) , (2, b) , (3, c) , (4, d) }
f is a function which is one – to – one and onto.

Question 6.
Find the domain of \(\frac{1}{1-2 \sin x}\)
Answer:
Let f(x) = \(\frac{1}{1-2 \sin x}\)
When 1 – 2 sin x = 0
⇒ 1 = 2 sin x
sin x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ sin x = sin \(\left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
x = nπ + (- 1)ⁿ\(\frac{\pi}{6}\), n ∈ Z
sin x = sin α ⇒ x = nπ + (-1)ⁿd, n ∈ Z
∴ Domain of f(x) is

Question 7.
Find the largest possible domain of the real valued function f(x) = \(\frac{\sqrt{4-x^{2}}}{\sqrt{x^{2}-9}}\)
Answer:

∴ For no real values of x, f (x) is defined.
∴ Domain of f(x) = { }

Question 8.
Find the range of the function \(\frac{1}{2 \cos x-1}\)
Answer:
Let f(x) = \(\frac{1}{2 \cos x-1}\)
Range of cosine function is
– 1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1
– 2 ≤ 2 cos x ≤ 2
– 1 ≤ 2 cos x – 1 ≤ 2 – 1
– 3 ≤ 2 cos x – 1 ≤ 1
\(-\frac{1}{3}\) ≥ \(\frac{1}{2 \cos x-1}\) ≥ 1

Question 9.
Show that the relation xy = – 2 is a function for a suitable domain. Find the domain and the range of the function.
Answer:
xy = – 2 ⇒ y = -2/x
which is a function
The domain is (-∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) and range is R – {0}

Question 10.
If f, g : R → R are defined by f(x) = |x| + x and g(x) = |x| – x find gof and fog.
Answer:
Given

Question 11.
If f, g, h are real-valued functions defined on R, then prove that (f + g)oh = foh + goh what can you say about fo(g + h )? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Given f : R → R , g : R → R and h : R → R (f + g) oh: R → R and (f o h + g o h) : R → R for any x ∈ R.
[(f + g)oh] (x) = (f + g) h(x)
= f(h(x)) + g(h(x))
= foh(x) + goh(x)
∴ (f + g)oh = foh + goh
Also fo(g + h)(x) = f((g + h)(x)) for any x ∈ R
= f(g(x) + h(x))
= f(g(x)) + f(h(x))
= fog (x) + foh(x)
∴ fo(g + h) = fog +foh

Question 12.
If f : R → R is defined by f( x ) = 3x – 5, Prove that f is a bijection and find its inverse.
Answer:
Given f(x) = 3x – 5
Let y = 3x – 5
y + 5 = 3x
⇒ \(\frac{y+5}{3}\) = x
Let g(y) = \(\frac{y+5}{3}\)
gof (x) = g(f(x))
= g(3x – 5)
= \(\frac{3 x-5+5}{3}\) = \(\frac{3 x}{3}\) = x
gof (x) = x
fog (y) = f(g(y))
= f\(\left(\frac{y+5}{3}\right)\)
= 3\(\left(\frac{y+5}{3}\right)\) – 5
= y + 5 – 5
fog(y) = y
∴ gof = I_x and fog = I_Y
Hence f and g are bijections and inverses to each ot1er.
Hence f is a bijection and f^-1(y) = \(\frac{y+5}{3}\)
Replacing y by x we get f^-1(x) = \(\frac{x+5}{3}\)

Question 13.
The weight of the muscles of a man is a function of his bodyweight x and can be expressed as W ( x ) = 0.35x. Determine the domain of this function.
Answer:
W(x) = 0.35x
Since bodyweight x is positive and if it increases then W(x) also increases.
Domain is (0, ∞) i.e.,x > 0

Question 14.
The distance of an object falling is a function of time t and can be expressed as s ( t) = – 16t². Graph the function and determine if it is one – to – one.
Answer:
Given s (t) = – 16t²
s (t₁) = s (t₂) ⇒ – 16t₁² = – 16t₂²
⇒ t₁² = t₂²
⇒ ± t₁ = ± t₂
Since s (t₁) = s (t₁) 14 t₁ = t₂
∴ The function s(t) is not one-one
Graph of s(t) = – 16t²
Take the time along x – axis and distance along y – axis.

Question 15.
The total cost of airfare on a given route is comprised of the base cost C and the fuel Surcharge S in rupee. Both C and S are functions of the mileage m; C ( m ) = 0.4 m + 50 and S ( m ) = 0.03m. Determine a function for the total cost of a ticket in terms of the mileage and find the airfare for flying 1600 miles.
Answer:
C – base cost,
S = fuel surcharge,
m = mileage
C(m) = 0.4 m + 50
S(m) = 0.03 m
Total cost = C(m) + S(m)
= 0.4 m + 50 + 0.03 m
= 0.43 m + 50
for 1600 miles
T(c) = 0.43 (1600) + 50 = 688 + 50 = ₹ 738

Question 16.
A salesperson whose annual earnings can be represented by the function A (x) = 30,000 + 0.04 x, where x is the rupee value of the merchandise, he sells. His son is also in sales and his earnings are represented by the function S(x) = 25,000 + 0.05 x. Find (A + S)(x) and determine the total family income if they each sell Rs. 1,50,00,000 worth of merchandise.
Answer:
Given A (x) = 30,000 + 0.04 x
S (x) = 25,000 + 0.05x
A(x) + S(x) = 30,000 + 0.04 x + 25,000 + 0.05x
(A + S)(x) = 55,000 + 0.09 x
Given x = 1,50,00,000
Then (A + S)(x) = 55000 + 0.09 × 1,50,00,000
= 55000 + 1,35000000
Total family income = Rs. 14,05,000

Question 17.
The function for exchanging American dollars for Singapore Dollar on a given day is f (x) = 1.23x, where x represents the number of American dollars. On the same day, the function for exchanging Singapore Dollar to Indian Rupee is g(y) = 50.50y, where y represents the number of Singapore dollars. Write a function which will give the exchange rate of American dollars in terms of Indian rupee.
Answer:
Given f(x) = 1.23x
where x represents the number of American dollars
g(y) = 50.50y
where y represents the number of Singapore dollars.

To convert American dollars to Indian rupees, we must find
gof (x) = g(f(x))
= g (1.23x)
= 50.50 (1.23x)
= 62.115x
∴ The function for the exchange rate of American can dollars in terms of Indian rupees is
gof (x) = 62.1 15x

Question 18.
The owner of a small restaurant can prepare a particular meal at a cost of Rs. 100. He estimates that if the menu price of the meal is x rupees, then the number of customers who will order that meal at that price in an evening is given by the function D (x) = 200 – x. Express his day revenue total cost and profit on this meal as functions of x.
Answer:
cost of one meal = ₹ 100
Total cost = ₹ 100 (200 – x)
Number of customers = 200 – x
Day revenue = ₹ (200 – x) x
Total profit = day revenue – total cost
= (200 – x) x – (100) (200 – x)

Question 19.
The formula for converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius temperature is y = \(\). Find the inverse of this function and determine whether the inverse is also a function?
Answer:

Question 20.
A simple cipher takes a number and codes it, using the function f( x) = 3x – 4. Find the inverse of this function, determine whether the inverse is also a function and verify the symmetrical property about the line y = x (by drawing the lines)
Answer:
Given f(x) = 3x – 4
Let y = 3x – 4
⇒ y + 4 = 3x
⇒ x = \(\frac{y+4}{3}\)
Let g(y) = \(\frac{y+4}{3}\)
gof (x) = g (f(x) )
= g(3x – 4)
= \(\frac{3 x-4+4}{3}=\frac{3 x}{3}\)
gof(x) = x
and fog(y) = f(g(y))
= f\(\left(\frac{y+4}{3}\right)\)
= 3\(\left(\frac{y+4}{3}\right)\)
= y + 4 – 4 = y
fog (y) = y
Hence g of = I_x and fog = I_y
This shows that f and g are bijections and inverses of each other.
Hence f is bijection and f^-1(y) = \(\frac{y+4}{3}\)
Replacing y by x we get f^-1(x) = \(\frac{x+4}{3}\)
The line y = x

f(x) =
The line y =3x-4
When x = 0 ⇒ y = 3 × 0 – 4 = -4
When x = 1 ⇒ y = 3 × 1 – 4 = -1
When x = -1 ⇒ y = 3 × -1 – 4 = -7
When x = 2 ⇒ y = 3 × 2 – 4 = 2
When x = -2 ⇒ y = 3 × -2 – 4 = -10
When x = 3 ⇒ y = 3 × 3 – 4 = 5
When x = -3 ⇒ y = 3 × -3 – 4 = -13

The line y = \(\frac{x+4}{3}\)

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Prose Chapter 3 The Monster Tree Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 3 The Monster Tree

5th English Guide The Monster Tree Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Jana and her family moved to the village _______ back.
Answer:
one month

Question 2.
Jana saw a _______ behind her.
Answer:
branch of the tree

Question 3.
The squirrel ran to the _______ tree.
Answer:
monster

Question 4.
The monster tree was protecting the _______.
Answer:
squirrels

Question 5.
The villagers took oath to not harm the _______.
Answer:
nature

B. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why did Jana have a nightmare?
Answer:
The previous evening Jana went and saw the monster tree. One of the branches came to hit her and she ran away. So, she had a nightmare.

Question 2.
Why did Jana chase the squirrel?
Answer:
Jana chased the squirrel to get back her earring.

Question 3.
Why did Jana’s friends stop her from going near the tree?
Answer:
Jana’s friends stopped her from going near the tree because the branches of the tree would hit her.

Question 4.
Who made the tree become a monster?
Answer:
The selfish people who mercilessly destroyed everything, made the tree become a monster.

Question 5.
Why was the tree called ‘The mother tree’?
Answer:
The tree was called, “The mother tree” because it protected all the squirrels living on it.

Let us build:

Try to find the relationship:

Guess:

Question 1.
What is a pup to a dog?
Answer:
Yes, pup is the Young one of a dog.

Let us learn more young ones:

A. Match the animal with its young one:

Answer:

B. Fill in the blanks:
Question 1.

Answer:
Calf

Question 2.

Answer:
Kitten

Question 3.

Answer:
Eaglet

Question 4.

Answer:
Fry.

C. Fill in the blanks:
(hatchling, gosling, fry, lamb)

Question 1.
The fisher caught the _______.
Answer:
fry

Question 2.
The ostrich took care of its _______.
Answer:
hatchling

Question 3.
The goose is swimming with its _______.
Answer:
gosling

Question 4.
A Shepherd had a _______.
Answer:
lamb.

5th English Guide The Monster Tree Additional Questions and Answers

I. Match the following:

Answer:

II. Link the correct opposites:

Ans:

III. Identify the speaker/character:

Question 1.
“Did you have a nightmare?”
Answer:
Jana’s mother

Question 2.
“It was a big peepul tree”.
Answer:
Jana’s friend

Question 3.
“Go away! Please go away!”.
Answer:
The monster tree

Question 4.
“I am the last of my kind in this village”.
Answer:
pregnant squirrel

Question 5.
“I have to find my earring”.
Answer:
Jana

IV. Say true or false:

Question 1.
One can hear the cry of a wolf far away.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The reeds from the bush have caught my hands.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The trunk of the tree cracked open and the tree laughed.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Jana was a brave and curious little girl.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The villagers took an oath not to do any harm to nature.
Answer:
True

V. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
A bolt of massive lightning appeared with a rumble of _______.
Answer:
thunder

Question 2.
Many years passed and the area near the tree is _______ now.
Answer:
desolate

Question 3.
One by one, many _______ came out from the tree.
Answer:
squirrels

Question 4.
The tree said, “I did not know that people are so.
Answer:
selfish

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Describe Jana’s dream about the monster tree.
Answer:
Jana saw the monster tree in the lightning night and got scared. She screamed and the monster woke up. Its sharp sword-like branches came towards Jana.

Question 2.
What did Jana’s friend tell her about the tree?
Answer:
Jana’s friend told her that it was a big peepal tree near the entrance of the village. All children played under it and many birds nest on it. The elders rested in its shade.

Question 3.
What did the “monster’s tree” do when children went near it?
Answer:
When the children went near the monster tree, it shook its leaves, twisted its branches, and threw the swing near the children. Then the trunk of the tree cracked open and the tree roared.

Question 4.
Who stopped the villagers from cutting the tree? Why?
Answer:
The village head stopped the villagers from cutting the tree; because the tree had helped the village.

Question 5.
How did the village head stop people from going near the tree?
Answer:
The village head made the people make a fence around the tree to stop people from going near it.

Question 6.
Write about Jana’s earrings.
Answer:
When Jana was playing near the monster tree, she felt her ear tingle. So she removed her earrings and kept it on the ground. Suddenly a squirrel took her earring and ran away. Jana chased the squirrel to find her earring.

Question 7.
Who were the friends of the monster tree?
Answer:
Hundreds of squirrels living in its branches were the friends of the monster tree.

Question 8.
What did Jana do when she knew the tree was good and helpful?
Answer:
When Jana came to know that the tree was good and helpful, she put her fear away and tried to find the reason for the change in the tree’s behaviour. She spent many days watching the tree.

Question 9.
Who ran to the monster tree for its life?
Answer:
A pregnant squirrel ran to the monster for its life.

VII. Speak and win:

Support or oppose the character – Monster tree

I support:

• The monster tree is a good, and helpful tree.
• Elders rest in its shade.
• It protects the squirrels.
• Children play under it.
• Birds made a nest on it.

I oppose:

• The monster tree shook its leaves, twisted its branches throw the swing on the children.
• The tree trunk cracked and the tree roared.
• Its branch came to hit Jana

VIII. Match the following:

Answer:

The Monster Tree Summary in English and Tamil

It is very dark, and the wind is whistling, no one is around. One can hear the cry of a wolf far away. The bush is dancing to the wind’s music. It seems as if it was a welcome dance. Behind the bush, there was a huge shadow. It moved slightly and, for a second everything was quiet. No wind no movement nothing. There was dead silence. Suddenly, a bolt of massive lightning appeared with a rumble of thunder. In the lightning, I could see the tree. It was a monster tree. I got scared and wanted to run away.

As I screamed in fear, the monster woke up. I could see it, now awake, transformed into a monster amid the bolts of lightning that hit the ground. I wanted to run, but I couldn’t move my legs. The reeds from the bush have caught my legs, “Oh my god! It is going to kill me,” I thought! I tried to free my legs but in vain. The monster’s branches became very sharp, like branches became very sharp, like branches became very sharp, like a sword, and came towards me. My heart raced and, I felt it might burst.

கும்மிருட்டு, காற்று விசில் அடிக்கும் சத்தம், சுற்றிலும் ஒருவருமில்லை தூரத்தில் ஒரு நரி ஊளையிடும் ஓசை கேட்கிறது. காற்றின் இசைக்கு புதர் நடனமாடுகிறது. அது வரவேற்பு நாட்டியம் போன்றிருந்தது. புதருக்குப் பின் ஒரு பெரிய நிழல். அது லேசாக அசைந்தது. பின்னர் ஒரு வினாடி எங்கும் நிசப்தம். காற்றும் இல்லை, எதுவுமில்லை. மரண அமைதி.

வானத்தில் ஒரு பெரிய மின்னல் கீற்று தோன்றியது. இதைது அதைத் தொடர்ந்து இடி உருளும் ஓசை. மின்னல் வெளிச்சத்தில் என்னால் அந்த மரத்தைப் பார்க்க முடிந்தது. அது ஒரு அசுர மரம். நான் பயந்து, ஓடிவிட நினைத்தேன். நான் பயத்தினால் அலறிய போது அந்த அசுரன் விழித்துக் கொண்டான்.

தரையை தொட்ட மின்னல் கீற்றுகளின் ஒளியின் மத்தியில், மரம் விழித்து, அசுர வடிவம் எடுத்ததை என்னால் பார்க்க முடிந்தது. நான் ஓடிவிட நினைத்தேன், ஆனால் என்னால் என் கால்களை நகர்த்த முடியவில்லை. புதரில் இருந்த நாணல் கொடி, என் கால்களில் சிக்கிக் கொண்டது. “ஆ, கடவுளே, அது என்னை கொன்று விடப்போகிறது”, என்று நினைத்தேன்.

என் கால்களை புதரிலிருந்து விடுவிக்க முயன்றேன். ஆனால் அது வீணாக முடிந்தது. அசுரனின் கிளைகள், வாளைப்போல கூர்மையாக மாறி என்னை நோக்கி வந்தது. என் இதயம் வேகமாக துடித்தது. அது வெடித்து விடுவது போல் உணர்ந்தேன்.

“Jana! What happened? Get up! Did you have a nightmare?” Asked her mother. Jana hugged her mother and” slept with her. Her mother asked her about the dream in the morning, but Jana said nothing. Only a month ago Jana and her family had come to the village.

ஜனா! என்ன நடந்தது? எழுந்திரு! கெட்ட கனவு கண்டாயா?”, என்று அவள் அம்மா கேட்டார். ஜனா தன் தாயாரை அணைத்துக் கொண்டு அவருடன் உறங்கினாள். காலையில் அவளுடைய கனவைப் பற்றி அவள் அம்மா கேட்டார். ஆனால் ஜனா ஒன்றும் கூறவில்லை. ஜனாவின் குடும்பத்தினர் ஒரு மாதத்திற்கு முன்பு தான் அந்த கிராமத்திற்கு வந்திருந்தனர்.

The previous day, Jana’s friend was telling her, “It was a very big peepal tree near the entrance of the village. All children used to play under it, and many birds made nests on it. The elders rested in the shade. But one day two men were running away from the tree. They said there was a monster in it and asked people to not go near it. The children ignored the warning and went to play.

When the children stepped near the tree, it shook its leaves. They hadn’t seen the tree like this. They looked at one another and, altogether took another step. The tree twisted its branches and threw the swing near them. Then, the trunk of the tree cracked open and the tree roared. The tree had become a monster. They got scared and ran away.”

முன்தின நாள் தான் ஜனாவின் தோழி அவளிடம், “கிராம நுழைவாயிலில் ஒரு பெரிய அரச மரம் இருக்கிறது. எல்லா சிறு பிள்ளைகளும் அதன் கீழ் விளையாடுவார்கள், பறவைகள் அதன் மீது கூடு கட்டின. பெரியவர்கள் அதன் நிழலில் ஓய்வு எடுத்தனர்.

ஆனால் ஒரு நாள் இரண்டு மனிதர்கள் அந்த மரத்தை விட்டு தூர ஓடினர். அவர்கள் அந்த மரத்தில் ஓர் அசுரன் இருப்பதாக சொல்லி, மக்கள் அதன் அருகே போக வேண்டாம் என்று கேட்டுக் கொண்டார்கள்.

பிள்ளைகள் அந்த எச்சரிக்கையை புறக்கணித்து விட்டு விளையாடச்சென்றார்கள். பிள்ளைகள் மரத்தின் அருகே சென்றவுடன், அது தன் இலைகளை உதிர்த்தது. அவர்கள் அந்த மரத்தை அப்படி பார்த்தது இல்லை. அவர்கள் ஒருவரையொருவர் பார்த்துக் கொண்டு, எல்லாருமாக சேர்ந்து, ஓர் அடி முன்னே எடுத்து வைத்தனர். மரம் தன் கிளைகளை முறுக்கி, ஊஞ்சலை அவர்கள் அருகே வீசியது.

பின்னர், மரத்தின் அடித்தண்டு கீறல் விட்டு திறந்தது, மரம் கர்ஜித்தது. அந்த மரம் அசுரனாக மாறிவிட்டது. அவர்கள் பயந்து ஓடி விட்டனர்”, என்று சொன்னாள்.

She continued, “Children went to the village and told the elders what happened near the tree. No one believed them. Soon many more got affected by the tree, and this worried the people of the village. They planned to cut it. But the village head stopped them. He told them how the tree had helped the village. He advised them to make a fence around the tree to stop people from going near it. Since then, the tree is called the monster tree. Many years have passed, and the area near the tree is desolate now.”

தோழி தொடர்ந்து சொன்னாள்: “பிள்ளைகள் கிராமத்துக்குச் சென்று, மரத்தின் அருகே நடந்ததை பெரியோர்களிடம் கூறினர். ஒருவரும் அதை நம்பவில்லை. விரைவில் பலரும் மரத்தினால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டார்கள். இது கிராம மக்களை கவலை
கொள்ளச் செய்தது. அதை வெட்ட திட்டமிட்டனர். ஆனால் கிராமத் தலைவர் அவர்களை தடுத்துவிட்டார். அந்த மரம் கிராமத்தினருக்கு எப்படி உதவி உள்ளது என்று அவர் அவர்களிடம் கூறினார்.

மக்கள் அதன் அருகே போவதை நிறுத்த, மரத்தைச் சுற்றி ஒரு வேலி போட அறிவுரை கூறினார். அப்பொழுதில் இருந்து அந்த மரம் அசுர மரம்’ என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. பல வருடங்கள் கடந்துவிட்டன. மரத்தின் அருகே உள்ள பகுதி இப்பொழுது தனித்து வெறிச்சோடி உள்ளது.

The previous evening, Jana went to play with her friends. She was a brave and, curious little girl. They were playing a few meters away from the monster tree. Jana was waiting for her turn. Just then, she felt her ears tingle. She removed her earrings and kept it on the ground. Suddenly, a squirrel took her earring and ran away. She chased it, and before she knew it, she was in front of the monster tree.

Her friends shouted, “No, Jana! Don’t go there!” She replied, “I have to find my earring.” Then, they shouted in fear, “It is behind you. Run Jana! Run” she turned and saw one of the branches coming to hit her. She bent down and dodged it. She ran away from the tree. That night, she had a nightmare.

அன்று சாயந்திரம் ஜனா தன் நண்பர்களுடன் விளையாடச் சென்றாள். அவள் ஒரு துணிச்சலான ஆர்வமுள்ள சிறுமி. அவர்கள் அந்த அசுர மரத்திற்கு சில மீட்டர் தூரத்தில் விளையாடிக் கொண்டிருந்தனர். ஜனா தனது முறைக்குக் காத்திருந்தாள். அச்சமயம், அவள் காதுகளில் கூச்சமாக உணர்ந்தாள்.

எனவே காதணிகளை கழட்டி தரையில் வைத்தாள். திடீரென்று அவளது காதணிகளை ஓர் அணில் தூக்கிக் கொண்டு ஓடியது. அவள் அதைத் துரத்திக் கொண்டு சென்ற போது, அவள் அறிந்துக் கொள்வதற்கு முன், அசுர மரத்துக்கு முன்னால் வந்து விட்டாள்.

“வேண்டாம் ஜனா, அங்கே போகாதே”, என்று அவள் நண்பர்கள் கத்தினார்கள். “நான் என் காதணிகளை கண்டுபிடிக்க வேண்டும்”, என்று பதிலளித்தாள் ஜனா. “அது உனக்கு பின்னால் உள்ளது. ஓடு ஜனா ஓடு”, என்று அவர்கள் பயத்தில் கத்தினார்கள். அவள் திரும்பிய போது, கிளைகளில் ஒன்று தன்னை தாக்க வருவதைக் கண்டாள். அவள் கீழே குனிந்து, தப்பித்துக் கொண்டாள். அவள் மரத்தை விட்டு தூர ஓடினாள். அன்று இரவு அவள் ஒரு கெட்ட கனவு கண்டாள்.

That day Jana decided to overcome her fear. So, she asked more about the monster tree. She came to know that the tree was good and helpful. She put her fear away and tried to find the reason for the change in tree’s behaviour. So, she spent many days watching the tree. She went to the tree whenever she had the time. She felt that the tree was also watching her.

அன்றைய தினம் அவள் தன் பயத்தை போக்கிக் கொள்ள விரும்பினாள். எனவே, அவள் அந்த அசுர மரத்தைப் பற்றி மேலும் அதிகம் கேட்டு அறிந்துக் கொண்டாள். அந்த மரம் உதவும் குணம் கொண்ட நல்ல மரமாக இருந்ததை தெரிந்துக் கொண்டாள். அவள் தன் பயத்தை ஒதுக்கி விட்டு, மரத்தின் குண மாற்றத்திற்கான காரணத்தை அறிய முயன்றாள். அதனால், பல நாட்கள் அவள் அந்த மரத்தைக் கண்காணிப்பதில் செலவிட்டாள். நேரம் கிடைத்தப் போதெல்லாம் மரத்திடம் சென்றாள். மரமும் தன்னைக் கண்காணிப்பதை அவள் உணர்ந்தாள்.

One day, she decided to go near the ree. When she crossed the fenced area, the tree started to scare her. But, not as much as before. She But, not as much as before. She stepped forward, and the tree swayed its branches again. Then, the tree dropped its sharp branches close to her. Yet, she was not afraid. When she was going to touch the tree, it opened its mouth and roared. Jana calmly touched the tree and patted it.

The branches stopped moving, and it was quiet. The tree grumbled, “Go away! Please, go away!” She asked, “Why? I know you are a good tree. Why are you doing this?” The tree shouted, “Yes…. I was good but, it is only because of you I have become like this!”

ஒரு நாள், அவள் மரத்தின் அருகே செல்ல முடிவெடுத்தாள். வேலி போட்டிருந்தப் பகுதியை அவள் தாண்டிய போது, மரம் அவளை பயமுறுத்தத் துவங்கியது. ஆனால் முன்புபோல் பயங்கரமாக அல்ல. அவள் முன்னேறிச் செல்ல அடி எடுத்து வைத்தாள். மரம் மறுபடியும் தன் கிளைகளை அசைத்தது.

பின்னர் மரம் தன் கூரிய கிளைகளை அவள் அருகே இறக்கியது. ஆனாலும், அவள் பயப்படவில்லை . அவள் மரத்தைத் தொட சென்றபோது, அது தன் வாயை திறந்து கர்ஜித்தது. ஜனா அமைதியாக மரத்தைத் தொட்டு,அதை தட்டிக் கொடுத்தாள்.

கிளைகள் அசைவதைநிறுத்தி அமைதியானது. “போய் விடு! தயவு செய்துபோய் விடு” என்று மரம் முணுமுணுத்தது. “ஏன்? நீ ஒரு நல்ல மரம் என்று எனக்குத் தெரியும். எதனால் இப்படி செய்கிறாய்?” என்று அவள் கேட்டாள். “ஆம், நான் நல்ல மரமாகத்தான் இருந்தேன், ஆனால், உங்களால் தான் நான் இப்படி ஆகிவிட்டேன்” என்று மரம் சப்தமிட்டது.

“Sorry! You are a little girl. What would you do? Wait, let me call my friends,” said the tree. “Come out,” said the tree. In a few seconds, one by one, many squirrels came out from the tree. Hundreds of them were there. The tree continued. “They are the reason for me to become a monster. Long ago, a pregnant squirrel came here.” She said, “I am the last of my kind in this village. The hunters are trying to kill me. Please save me.” The tree said, “I did not know that people were so selfish. They destroy everything mercilessly. I wanted to save the squirrels. So, I became a monster.”

After listening to the tree’s story, Jana felt embarrassed. She went to the village head and explained. The villagers understood their mistake and took an oath not to do any harm to nature. From that day on the villagers
started calling it ‘The mother tree’.

“மன்னித்துக்கொள்! நீ ஒரு சிறு பெண். நீ என்ன செய்வாய்? இரு, நான் என் நண்பர்களை கூப்பிடுகிறேன்”, என்று மரம் சொன்னது. “வெளியேவாங்க”, என்றது மரம். சில நொடிகளில், ஒவ்வொன்றாக மரத்தில் இருந்து பல அணில்கள்வெளியே வந்தன. நூற்றுக்கணக்கானவை அங்கே இருந்தன. மரம் தொடர்ந்தது, “அவர்கள் தான் நான் அசுரனாக மாறியதற்குக் காரணம்.

நீண்ட காலத்திற்கு முன், ஒரு கர்ப்பமான அணில் இங்கே வந்தது”. அணில் சொன்னது, “இந்த கிராமத்தில் என் இனத்தின் கடைசி அணில் நான்தான். வேடர்கள் என்னைக் கொல்ல முயல்கிறார்கள். தயவு செய்து என்னை காப்பாற்று”.

“மக்கள் மிகவும் சுயநலவாதிகள் என்று எனக்குத் தெரியாது. அவர்கள் எல்லாவற்றையும் இரக்கமில்லாமல் அழிக்கிறார்கள். நான் இந்த அணில்களைக் காப்பாற்ற நினைத்தேன். எனவே நான் அசுரனானேன்” என்றது மரம். மரத்தின் கதையைக் கேட்டபின், ஜனா மிகவும் சங்கடப்பட்டாள்.

கிராமத் தலைவரிடம் சென்று அவள் விவரித்தாள். கிராமத்தார் தங்கள் தவறை உணர்ந்து, இயற்கைக்கு எந்த தீங்கும் செய்யக் கூடாது என்று உறுதி எடுத்தனர். அந்த தினத்திலிருந்து கிராமத்தினர் அதை “அம்மா மரம்,” என அழைக்கத் தொடங்கினர்.

The Monster Tree Glossary:

Dodged – Avoided to escape (நகர்ந்து தப்பித்தல்)
Ignore – Refuse to take notice of (புறக்கணித்தல்)
Massive – Large (பெரிய)
Nightmare – Scary dream (பயமுறுத்தும் கனவு)
Oath – Promise, pledge (உறுதிமொழி)
Reeds – A tall plant of the grass family (நாணல்)
Screamed – Cried loudly (அலறுதல்)
Transformed – Making a change in the form (மாற்றம் செய்தல்)
Whistling – High pitched sound by using breath (விசிலடித்தல்)

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 1 Supplementary Chapter 2 Anbu and the Fish Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 1 Supplementary Chapter 2 Anbu and the Fish

4th English Guide Anbu and the Fish Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Anbu was talented in catching __________
(a) Butterfly
(b) Hen
(c) Fish
Answer:
(c) Fish

Question 2.
Every __________ they would go fishing.
(a) Sunday
(b) Monday
(c) Friday
Answer:
(a) Sunday

Question 3.
Anbu got ___________ fish this week.
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
Answer:
(c) Three

Question 4.
They use ____________ as bait
(a) Earthworm
(b) Caterpillar
(c) Butterfly
(Ans:
(a) Earthworm

Question 5.
They fed fish with _________.
(a) Rice
(b) Puffed rice
(c) Groundnut
Answer:
(b) Puffed rice

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did they use as net?
Answer:
They used dhoti as net.

Question 2.
Why was the fish floating on top?
Answer:
The fish was floating on top, as it was dead.

Question 3.
What was their new hobby?
Answer:
Feeding fish was their new hobby.

C. Identify the character/speaker

Question 1.
He set the fish free.
Answer:
Anbu

Question 2.
“Grow the fish at home, Anbu.”
Answer:
Madhan

Question 3.
He bought a new fish tank.
Answer:
Anbu’s father.

Identify the character/speaker Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“Nature is their home”
Answer:
Anbu’s father

Question 2.
He searched for the fish everywhere.
Answer:
Anbu

Question 3.
“It is best to let them be free”
Answer:
Anbu’s father

Read the sentence and write true or false:

Question 1.
Anbu saw that two fish were floating on the top.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Sometimes they bored in searching for earthworms.. .
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Anbu surprised that the fish did not eat earthworms.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Anbu and Madhan usually used a fishing net to catch the fish.
Answer:
False

Find the qualities of these animals from the passage.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Let us write

Write a letter to your class teacher asking leave for attending marriage function.

Question 1.

Leave letter

From

To

Sir/Madam

Thank you,
Yours obediently,

Answer:

Leave Letter

Date: 16-07-2019
From
A. Vijay
IV Std ‘C’ sec,
Corporation Primary School,
Anna Nagar, Chennai.
To
The Class Teacher,
IV Std ‘C’ sec,
Corporation Primary School,
Anna Nagar, Chennai.
Sir/Madam,
Since I have to attend my cousin’s marriage on 17-07-2019, I request you to kindly grant me leave for one day on 17/07/2019.
Thank you,
Yours obediently,
A. Vijay
A. Vijay

I can do

A. Choose the correct option

Question 1.
_________ is good at cooking.
(a) Raju
(b) Vinoth
(c) Megalai
Answer:
(a) Raju

Question 2.
__________ hem the border.
(a) James
(b) Aliya
(c) Raju
Answer:
(b) Aliya

B. Look at the picture and tick (✓) the correct word

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

C. Match the rhyming words

Question 1.
mars – crime
Answer:
mars – cars

Question 2.
bed – cars
Answer:
bed – head

Question 3.
time – head
Answer:
time – crime

D. Recite the poem ‘Treasure Trove’ with the correct intonation

Activity to be done by the students

E. Give the correct verb form using come

Question 1.
I _________ by bus.
Answer:
Come

Question 2.
They _________ by bus.
Answer:
Comes

Question 3.
He __________ by bus.
Answer:
Comes

Question 4.
She __________ by bus.
Answer:
Comes

F. Circle the correct word

Question 1.

It run / runs very fast
Answer:

Question 2.

The birds fly / flies in the sky.
Answer:

Anbu and the Fish Summary in English and Tamil

Anbu was talented in catching fish. He always went to catch fish with Madhan. They usually used dhoti as a net to catch the fish. Anbu also made fishing rods using sticks and thorns at home.

அன்பு மீன் பிடிப்பதில் வெகு திறமைசாலியாக இருந்தான். மதனுடன் சேர்ந்துகொண்டு அவன் எப்போதும் மீன் பிடிக்கச் செல்வான். அவர்கள் வழக்கமாக ஒரு வேட்டியை மீன் வலையாக பயன்படுத்தி மீன் பிடிப்பார்கள். குச்சிகள், முட்களைக் கொண்டு அன்பு வீட்டிலேயே மீன் தூண்டில்களைச்
செய்வான்.
Then, they shared the fish equally. Unlike their friends, Anbu and Madhan, were always careful while fishing. They never went deep into the pond or river. Every deep into the pond or river. Every Sunday they would go in search of earthworms to use them as bait. They enjoyed searching for earthworms. Once the bait was ready they would go fishing.

பிறகு, அவர்கள் மீன்களைப் பிடித்து, அவற்றை சமமாகப் பங்கிட்டுக் கொள்வார்கள். அவர்களது பிற நண்பர்களைப் போல அல்லாமல், அன்புவும் மதனும் மீன் பிடிப்பதில் எப்போதும் கவனமாக இருப்பார்கள். குளத்திலோ, ஆற்றிலோ ஆழமான பகுதிக்கு அவர்கள் எப்போதும் போகமாட்டார்கள். ஒவ்வொரு ஞாயிற்றுக்கிழமையும், மீனுக்கு இரையாகப் பயன்படுத்த மண்புழுக்களைத் தேடிச் செல்வார்கள். மண்புழுக்களை தேடுவதில் அவர்கள் சந்தோஷப்படுவார்கள். இரை தயாரானதும், அவர்கள்மீன்பிடிக்கச் செல்வார்கள்.

On Sunday, Anbu was not happy. They were able to catch only three fish. The fish were very small to cook so they decided to grow the fish at home. Anbu filled the jar with water and let the three fish into it. The fish exerted and swam in different directions. Anbu thought the fish was hungry and dropped earthworms into the jar, But to his surprise the fish did not eat. He saw their eyes and could feel their fear.

ஒரு ஞாயிற்றுக்கிழமை, அன்பு மகிழ்ச்சியாக இல்லை . அவர்களால் மூன்று மீன்களை மட்டுமே பிடிக்க முடிந்தது. மீன்களும் சிறிய அளவில் இருந்தன. ஆகவே, அவற்றை சமைக்கவும் முடியாது. வீட்டில் வைத்து மீன்களை வளர்க்கலாம் என்று மதன் சொன்னான். அன்பு ஒரு ஜாடியில் தண்ணீரை நிரப்பி, அந்த மூன்று மீன்களையும் அதற்குள் போட்டான். மீன்களும் சமாளித்தபடி பல்வேறு திசைகளில் நீந்தின. அவை பசியாக இருக்கலாம் என்று எண்ணி, அன்பு மண்புழுக்களை ஜாடியில் போட்டான். ஆனால் அவன் ஆச்சரியப்படும் வகையில், அந்த மீன்கள் அவற்றை சாப்பிடவில்லை. அவற்றின் கண்களைப் பார்த்த அவன், அவை பயந்து போய் இருப்பதை உணர்ந்தான்.

Next morning, he went straight to the fish jar from his bed. He saw only two fish in the jar. He searched for the fish everywhere. Then, he saw one fish on the floor. Anbu was very sad and his father consoled him. In the evening, his father got a new fish tank. Anbu changed the fish to the new tank.

அடுத்த நாள் காலை, அவன் படுக்கையை விட்டு எழுந்ததும், நேராக அந்த மீன் ஜாடியைப் பார்க்கப் போனான், அந்த ஜாடியில் இரண்டு மீன்கள் மட்டுமே இருந்ததைக் கண்டான். எல்லா இடங்களிலும் அவன் இன்னொரு மீனைத் தேடினான், பிறகு, தரையில் அந்த ஒரு மீன் கிடந்ததைப் பார்த்தான். அன்பு மிகவும் சோகமடைந்தான். அவனது அப்பா அவனைஆறுதல்படுத்தினார். மாலையில், அவனது அப்பா ஒரு புதிய மீன் தொட்டியை வாங்கி வந்தார். அன்பு அந்த மீன்களை அந்த புதிய தொட்டிக்கு மாற்றினான்.

The next day, Anbu rushed back from school to the tank. He saw that one more fish was dead and floating on the top. He started crying. His father said, “These fish live in the river and lake. Nature is their home. It is best to let them be free.” He saw the last fish swimming alone, and he felt bad. He took the fish to the same pond and set it free.

அடுத்த நாள், பள்ளியிலிருந்து வந்ததும், அன்பு அந்த மீன்தொட்டியைப் பார்க்க விரைந்தான். மேலும் ஒரு மீன் இறந்துபோய், அது மேலே மிதந்து க ண்டிருந்ததையும் அவன் பார்த்தான். அவன் அழ ஆஆரம்பித்தான். அப்போது அவனது அப்பா கூறினார்: “இந்த மீன்கள் ஆற்றிலும், ஏரியிலும் வாழ்கின்றன. -இயற்கை தான் அவற்றின் வீடு. அவற்றை சுதந்திரமாக விட்டுவிடுவதே சிறந்தது. அந்த கடைசி மீன் தனியாக நீந்திக்கொண்டிருந்ததைப் பார்த்த அவன், மிகவும் வருத்தப்பட்டான். அவன் அந்த மீனை எடுத்துச் சென்று அதே குளத்தில் விட்டுவிட்டு வந்தான்.

From then on, Anbu and Madhan bouaht a packet of puffed rice and fed the fish. Feeding fish was their new hobby.

அதன் பிறகு, அன்புவும் மதனும் ஒரு பொரி பொட்டலம் வாங்கி, மீனுக்கு உணவாக கொடுக்க ஆரம்பித்தனர். மீனுக்கு உணவளிப்பது அவர்களின் புதிய பொழுதுபோக்கு என்றானது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 1 Supplementary Chapter 1 Robot Expo Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 1 Supplementary Chapter 1 Robot Expo

4th English Guide Robot Expo Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Anitha shares her experience about ____________
(a) Book fair
(b) Vacation
(c) Robot expo
(d) Dance program
Answer:
(c) Robot expo

Question 2.
The robot that sat on her shoulder was a _____________
(a) Ant
(b) Butterfly
(c) Puppy
(d) Dragonfly
Answer:
(b) Butterfly

Question 3.
Anitha’s friends wanted a ____________ robot in their houses.
(a) Butterfly
(b) Ant
(c) Cook
(d) Fish
Answer:
(c) Cook

Question 4.
Brain of a robot is the ____________
(a) Controller
(b) Mechanical part
(c) Sensor
(d) Camera
Answer:
(a) controller

Question 5.
A robot advised her to ____________
(a) Keep silence
(b) Use dustbin
(c) Don’t spit.
(d) Wash hands
Answer:
(b) Use dustbin

Choose the correct Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A humanoid welcomed Anitha into the ___________.
(a) House
(b) School
(c) Hall
(d) Shop
Answer:
(c) Hall

Question 2.
A robot danced for the songs played by ____________
(a) The students
(b) Musicians
(c) Other robots
(d) The visitors
Answer:
(d) The visitors

Question 3.
A robot served Anitha ____________
(a) Salad
(b) An omelette
(c) Bread
(d) Coffee
Answer:
(b) An omelette

Question 4.
There are main parts in this robot _________
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Three
(d) Five
Answer:
(c) Three

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Where did Anitha go?
Answer:
Anitha went to the Robot Expo.

Question 2.
What did Anitha eat in the expo?
Answer:
Anita ate an omelette.

Question 3.
What are the three parts of a robot?
Answer:
The three parts of a robot are

1. Controllers
2. Mechanical parts
3. Sensors.

Question 4.
What is the use of mechanical parts?
Answer:
Mechanical parts are the parts that will help the robot move.

Question 5.
What robot will you make? Why?
Answer:
I will make a robot which knows cooking. I will ask it to cook healthy and tasty foods.

Arrange the pictures by using numbers.

Question 1.

Answer:

Answer the following.

Question 1.
What day is it?
Answer:
It is Monday.

Question 2.
Where is the key?
Answer:
The key is in the lunch box.

Let us write

Question 1.

Answer:

I can do

A. Choose the correct option.

Question 1.
Vicky’s dad bought a ___________ robot.
(a) Active
(b) Lazy
(C) Trick
Answer:
(c) Trick

Question 2.
Vicky decided to ___________ the robot at the end.
(a) Keep
(b) Sell
(C) Praise
Answer:
(b) Sell

B. Tick (✓) the plural forms.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

C. Write the plural word.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

D. Connect the rhyming words.

Question 1.

Answer:

E. Recite the poem “My Robot with correct intonation.

Activity to be done by the students

F. Circle the odd one out.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:

Robot Expo Summary in English and Tamil

Anitha meets her friends and shares her experience of a robot expo.

அனிதா தன் நண்பர்களை சந்தித்து, ஒரு ரோபோ கண்காட்சி அனுபவத்தைப் பகிர்ந்து கொள்கிறாள்.

Friends : Hi, you look excited. Anything special?

நண்பர்கள் : ஹாய்! நீ உற்சாகத்துடன் காட்சியளிக்கிறாய். ஏதேனும் விசேஷமா?

Anitha : Yes! I went to the ‘ROBOT EXPO’ yesterday. I was so excited seeing all the robots.

அனிதா : ஆம்! நேற்று நான் ரோபோ கண்காட்சிக்குச் சென்றிருந்தேன். எல்லா ரோபோக்களையும் பார்த்து நான் உற்சாகமாகிவிட்டேன்.

Friends : Tell us more!

நண்பர்கள் : அதைப் பற்றி மேலும் சொல்!

Anitha : A humanoid welcomed me into the hall.

அனிதா : ஒரு மனித உருவ ரோபோ என்னை ஹாலுக்குள் வரவேற்றது

Friends : What is that?

நண்பர்கள் : என்ன அது?

Anitha : A robot that looks like a human. It even knew my name, I was so surprised and shocked that I stood there frozen.

அனிதா : மனிதனைப் போல காட்சிதரும் ரோபோ. அது என் பெயரைக்கூட அறிந்திருக்கிறது.அதிக ஆச்சர்யத்தாலும் அதிர்ச்சியாலும்நான் அங்கேய உறைந்து
நின்றுவிட்டேன்.

Friends : Wow!

நண்பர்கள் : வாவ்!

Anitha : I am just getting started. A robot just looked at me and named the things I had with me.

அனிதா : நான் இப்போதுதான் சொல்ல ஆரம்பித்திருக்கிறேன். ஒரு ரோபோ என்னைப் பார்த்துவிட்டு, நான் வைத்திருந்த பொருட்களின் பெயர்களைச்
சொல்ல ஆரம்பித்துவிட்டது.

Friends : Amazing, it must have scanned you with its eyes!

நண்பர்கள் : அற்புதம்! அதன் கண்க ளால் உன்னை நுட்பமாக அது சோதித்திருக்க வேண்டும்.

Anitha : The next robot danced for the songs played by the visitors. I suddenly found a butterfly sitting on my shoulder.To my surprise,it was a robot. There were robots of ants and fish too.

அனிதா : பார்வையாளர்கள் இசைத்த பாடல்களுக்கு ஏற்றபடி அடுத்த ரோபோ நடனமாடியது. ஒரு வண்ணத்துப்பூச்சி என் தோள்பட்டையில் வந்து அமர்ந்ததை நான் திடீரென கண்டேன். அது ஒரு ரோபோ என்பதுதான் ஒரு ஆச்சர்யம். எறும்புகளின் மற்றும் மீன்களின் ரோபோக்களும் அங்கு
இருந்தன.

Friends : An ant robot? Wow!

நண்பர்கள் : எறும்பு ரோபோவா? வாவ்!

Anitha : I saw a robot cooking dishes and serving all. It served me an omelette.

அனிதா : ஒரு ரோபோ உணவு வகைகளை சமைத்து பரிமாறியது. ஒரு ஆம்லேட்டை அது எனக்குப் பரிமாறயது.

Friends : Don’t we all wish for a ‘COOK ROBOT at home!

நண்பர்கள் : வீட்டில் சமையல்கார ரோபோ வேண்டுமென்று நாம் எல்லோரும் விரும்ப மாட்டோமா?

Anitha : Adding to my excitement, a robot collected and dropped an empty water bottle into the dustbin. Then, it advised all of us to use dustbin.

அனிதா : என் உற்சாகத்தை மேலும்அதிகரிக்கும்படியாக, ஒரு ரோபோ காலியான ஒரு தண்ணீர் பாட்டிலை எடுத்துச் சென்று, குப்பைத்தொட்டியில் போட்டது. பிறகு அது எங்கள் எல்லோரையும் பார்த்து குப்பைத் தொட்டியைபயன்படுத்தும்படி அறிவுரை தந்தது.

Anitha : Then there was a robot that asked me “Do you want to make a robot?” I eagerly nodded my head and said “Yes! But, I don’t know how to make it.” It replied, “Don’t worry. I will help you.”

அனிதா : பிறகு, ஒரு ரோபோஎன்னைப்பார்த்து,”நீ ஒரு ரோபோவை செய்ய விரும்புகிறாயா?” என கேட்டது. நான் ஆர்வத்துடன் தலையசைத்து, “ஆம்! ஆனால், அதை எப்படிச் – செய்வது என எனக்குத் தெரியாது”, என்றேன். “கவலைப்படாதே, நான் உனக்கு உதவுகிறேன்”, என்று அது பதில் கூறியது.
ரோபோ கண்காட்சி

Anitha : Then, it said “Let us make a robot that can run. There are three main parts in this robot. First is the controller it acts as the brain. Second is the mechanical parts that will help the robot move. Third is the sensors that will help the robot sense walls and other things on its way so that it does not crash into these objects. All these parts work together to make the robot run.”

அனிதா : பிறகு அது சொன்னது “ஓடக்கூடிய ஒரு ரோபோவை நாம் செய்யலாம்.ரோபோவில் மூன்று முக்கிய பாகங்கள் உள்ளன. முதலாவது
கன்ட்ரோலர். இது மூளைபோலசெயல்படும். இரண்டாவது மெக்கானிக்கல் பாகங்கள். இவை ரோபோ நகர்வதற்கு உதவும். மூன்றாவது சென்சார்கள். வழியில் உள்ள சுவர்கள், பொருட்களை உணர்ந்து, அவற்றின் மீது மோதிக் கொள்ளாமல் செல்ல உதவும். இம்மூன்று பாகங்களும் ஒன்றிணைந்து ஒரு ரோபோவைஓடச் செய்யும்.”

Anitha : Then, I put these 3 parts together with the robot and made a robot myself.This expo has made me really interested in robots.I am planning to make more robots. Will you all join me?

அனிதா : பிறகு, அதன் உதவியுடன் 3 பாகங்களையும் இணைத்து நானே ஒரு ரோபோவைச் செய்தேன். இந்த கண்காட்சி உண்மையில் எனக்கு ரோபோ மீதான ஆர்வத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியது. இன்னும் அதிக ரோபோக்களை செய்ய நான் ப திட்டமிட்டிருக்கிறேன். நீங்கள் என்னோடு சேர்ந்து கொள்வீர்களா?

Friends : We would love to!

நண்பர்கள் : நாங்கள் அதை விரும்புகிறோம்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 The Cracked Coffee Cup Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 The Cracked Coffee Cup

5th English Guide The Cracked Coffee Cup Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Let us understand:

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Teddy took his pillow as a sign of ______ them.
(a) giving farewell
(b) welcoming
(c) scolding
Answer:
(b) welcoming

Question 2.
Kani and Teddy were in the garden at ______.
(a) 11 PM
(b) 10 PM
(c) 12 PM.
Answer:
(c) 12 pm

Question 3.
Muthu collected ______ from every house.
(a) food
(b) garbage
(c) clothes
Answer:
(b) garbage

Question 4.
Anbu was ______ old boy.
(a) 3 year
(b) 4 year.
(c) 2 year
Answer:
(c) 2 year

Question 5.
Kani took Teddy out for a ______.
(a) Part
(b) walk
(c) School
Answer:
(b) walk

B. Answer the questions:

Question 1.
Why did Kani run to the kitchen?
Answer:
Kani ran to the kitchen to pick up the garbage bag.

Question 2.
Where did Kani see the old cracked cup?
Answer:
Kani saw the old, cracked cup near the kitchen sink.

Question 3.
Who were the guests to Kani’s home?
Answer:
Rani aunty and her two-year-old son Anbu were the guests to Kani’s home.

Question 4.
What did Kani realize in the story?
Answer:
Kani realized that she had to be compassionate. She also decided to treat everyone equally with love and respect.

Question 5.
Do you think you treat everyone equally? Justify with an example.
Answer:
Yes, I treat everyone equally. I use to help the poor, irrespective of their caste, religion, with my pocket money.

Let us build:

A. Match the clipped word and write it on the line:

Answer:

B. Write down clipped words for the given pictures:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:

C. Write the correct clipped words on the line:

Question 1.
I saw him in the ______ (laboratory).
Answer:
I saw him in the lab.

Question 2.
I have ______ (examination) next week.
Answer:
I have an exam next week.

Question 3.
She acted in the ______ (advertisement) first time.
Answer:
She acted in the ad first time.

Question 4.
She bought a new ______ (refrigerator).
Answer:
She bought a new fridge.

Question 5.
I saw some wild animals in the ______ (zoological park).
Answer:
I saw some wild animals in the zoo.

5th English Guide The Cracked Coffee Cup Additional Questions and Answers

I. Write the correct clipped word for the word given in the bracket:

Question 1.
My uncle presented me a __ (bicycle)
Answer:
cycle

Question 2.
Raju bought a __(handkerchief)
Answer:
kerchief

Question 3.
David is suffering from ____ (influenza)
Answer:
flu

Question 4.
Sugar price is dropped to Rs. 40 per ___ (kilogram).
Answer:
kilo

Question 5.
Put your ___(signature) on the application.
Answer:
sign

II. Match the following:

Answer:

III. Link the correct opposites:

Answer:

IV. Name the character or speaker:

Question 1.
“You take Teddy for a walk. Ok?”.
Answer:
Kani’s father

Question 2.
“Will you eat these sweets?”.
Answer:
Kani’s mother

Question 3.
“I am excited to play with Anbu”.
Answer:
Kani

V. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What does Teddy do when he sees someone he knows?
Answer:
Teddy was always happy to see someone he knew. He used to run to the gate with his pillow to welcome them. He would not stop wagging his tail and followed them until they pet him.

Question 2.
Who was Selvi and what did she do in Kani’s home?
Answer:
Selvi was the house helper at Kani’s house. She would clean the house and would clean the vessels in the kitchen.

Question 3.
Who was Muthu? What did Kani give him?
Answer:
Muthu was the person who would collect garbage from every house. Kani gave him leftover food.

Question 4.
Where was the provision store? Who was its owner?
Answer:
The provision store was at the end of the street. Amar was the owner of the store.

Question 5.
What do you know about the dog lying outside the shop?
Answer:
Some people threw stones at the dog lying outside the shop. Teddy played with it and Kani petted the dog.

Question 6.
Describe Mary.
Answer:
Mary was a differently-abled person. She sold candles outside a church.

The Cracked Coffee Cup Summary in English and Tamil

Kani was waiting for her parents to return from work. She was eager to talk to her parents about her day at school. Suddenly, Teddy, the dog ran to the gate with his favorite pillow. “Teddy, where are you running?” asked Kani.

பெற்றோர் வேலையில் இருந்து திரும்புவதற்காக கனி காத்துக் கொண்டிருந்தாள். அவள் அன்று பள்ளியில் நடந்தவற்றை தன் பெற்றோரிடம் கூறுவதற்கு ஆவலாய் இருந்தாள். திடீரென்று தனக்கு பிடித்தமான தலையணையுடன் அவள் வளர்ப்பு நாய் ‘டெடி’ வாசலுக்கு ஓடியது. “டெடி, எங்கே ஓடுகிறாய்?”, என்று கனி கேட்டாள்.

Kani ran after Teddy to see where he was going. Kani’s parents were at the gate. Teddy was so happy to see them and he took his pillow as a sign of welcoming them. Teddy would not stop wagging his tail and followed them until they pet him. Kani didn’t wait for a moment and started talking about her day to her parents.

டெடி எங்கே போகிறது என்று பார்க்க கனி அதன் பின்னால் ஓடினாள். வாசற்படியில் கனியின் பெற்றோரைக் கண்ட டெடி, மகிழ்ச்சியாக தன் தலையணையுடன் வரவேற்றது. டெடி தன் வாலை ஆட்டுவதை நிறுத்தாமல், அவர்கள் அதனைக் கொஞ்சும் வரை பின் தொடர்ந்தது. கனி ஒரு நிமிடம் கூட தாமதிக்காமல், தன் பெற்றோரிடம் அன்றைய தினம் நடந்தவைகளை சொல்ல ஆரம்பித்தாள்.

It was a Saturday morning. At 9 AM, while Kani was painting, Teddy again ran to the gate with his pillow. “Teddy, parents are here and where are you running again?” asked Kani.

அது ஒரு சனிக்கிழமை. காலை ஒன்பது மணிக்கு கனி வர்ணம் தீட்டிக் கொண்டிருந்தாள். டெடி மறுபடியும் வாசற்படிக்கு தலையணையுடன் ஓடியது. “டெடி, அம்மாவும் அப்பாவும் இங்கே இருக்கும் போது நீ எங்கே மறுபடியும் ஓடுகிறாய்?”, என்று

Kani again ran after him. This time it was Selvi, the house helper at the gate. Teddy would not stop wagging his tail and followed her until she pet him. Selvi then started cleaning the house and every time she walked near Teddy, he would wag his tail. Kani walked into the kitchen where Selvi was cleaning the vessels. Near the kitchen sink, Kani saw an old, cracked cup with coffee in it. After finishing all the work at home, Selvi drank the coffee.

கனி மறுபடியும் டெடிக்கு பின்னாக ஓடினாள். இம்முறை வாசற்படியில் வீட்டு வேலை செய்யும் செல்வி வந்து இருந்தாள். டெடி தன் வாலை ஆட்டுவதை நிறுத்தாமல், அவள் அதனை கொஞ்சும் வரை பின் தொடர்ந்தது. செல்வி வீட்டை சுத்தம் செய்ய துவங்கினாள். அவள் ஒவ்வொரு முறையும் டெடியின் அருகே நடக்கும் போது, அது தன் வாலை ஆட்டியது.

செல்வி பாத்திரங்களைக் கழுவிக் கொண்டிருந்தபோது சமையல் அறைக்குள் கனி சென்றாள். சமையல் அறையில் பாத்திரம் கழுவும் தொட்டிக்கருகில் காப்பியுடன் ஒரு பழைய கீறல் விழுந்த கோப்பையை கனி பார்த்தாள். எல்லா வீட்டு வேலைகளையும் முடித்தபின், செல்வி அந்த காப்பியை குடித்தாள்.

At around 12 PM, while Kani and Teddy were in the garden, she heard someone whistling. Teddy again ran to the gate with his pillow. “Teddy, Selvi akka left an hour ago and where are you running again?” asked Kani.

மதியம் 12 மணி வாக்கில் கனியும், டெடியும் தோட்டத்தில் இருந்த போது, யாரோ விசில் அடிக்கும் சத்தத்தை அவள் கேட்டாள். டெடி மறுபடியும் தன் தலையணையுடன் வாசற்படியை நோக்கி ஓடியது. “டெடி, செல்வி அக்கா அரை மணி நேரத்துக்கு முன்பே போய் விட்டார். நீ மறுபடியும் எங்கே ஓடுகிறாய்?” என்று கனி கேட்டாள்.

Kani again ran after him. This time it was Muthu. Muthu collects garbage from every house. Teddy would not stop wagging his tail until Muthu pet him. Kani ran to the kitchen to pick up the garbage bag. “Kani, will you eat these sweets? There are only two left and it is getting old.” asked Kani’s mom.

கனி மறுபடியும் டெடிக்கு பின்னால் ஓடினாள். இம்முறை, வீடு வீடாக போய் குப்பைகளை சேகரிக்கும் முத்து வந்தான். முத்து தன்னை கொஞ்சும் வரை டெடி தன் வாலை ஆட்டுவதை நிறுத்தவில்லை. குப்பை பையை எடுத்து வர கனி சமையல் அறைக்குள் ஓடினாள். “கனி, இந்த மிட்டாயை சாப்பிடுகிறாயா? இரண்டு மட்டுமே மீதம் உள்ளது. நாள்பட வைத்திருந்தால் அதுவும் கெட்டு போய்விடும்” என்று கனியின் அம்மா கேட்டார்.

“No, I won’t eat”, replied Kani. “இல்லை, நான் சாப்பிட மாட்டேன்”, என்றாள் கனி.

“There is also some leftover rice .from yesterday. I will pack both sweets and rice. We can give it to Muthu,” said Kani’s mom.” Kani drops off the garbage and gave Muthu the leftover food.

நேற்று மிச்சமான சிறிது சோறும் உள்ளது. மிட்டாயையும், சாப்பாட்டையும் நான் கட்டித் தருகிறேன். அதை நாம் முத்துவுக்கு கொடுத்து விடலாம்”, என்று கனியின் அம்மா கூறினார். கனி குப்பையை போட்டுவிட்டு, முத்துவிடம் மீதமான உணவைக் கொடுத்தாள்.

After an hour, Kani’s father prepared Kani’s favorite birYani Kani’s family sat to have lunch. “We are having guests at home,Kani”, said her mom. “Who is coming?” asked Kani. “Rani aunty and her 2-year-old son Anbu are coming from America, replied her mom. “I am very excited to play with Anbu. At what time are they coming?” “Around 5 PM” replied her mom. “Before they come home, you take Teddy for a walk. Ok?” said Kani’s father. “Sure,” said Kani.

ஒரு மணி நேரத்துக்குப் பின்பு, கனிக்குப் பிரியமான பிரியாணியை அவள் தகப்பனா தயாரித்தார். கனியின் குடும்பத்தார் மதிய உணவு உண்ண அமர்ந்தனர்.”நம் வீட்டுக்கு விருந்தினர் வருகிறார்கள் கனி”, என்று அவள் தாயார் கூறினார். “யார் வருகிறார்கள்?”, என்று கனி கேட்டாள். “ராணி மாமியும், அவரது இரண்டு வயது மகன் அன்புவும் அமெரிக்காவிலிருந்து வருகிறார்கள்” என்று அம்மா பதில் அளித்தார்.

“நான் அன்புவுடன் விளையாட ஆவலாக இருக்கிறேன். அவர்கள் எத்தனை மணிக்கு வருவார்கள்?” “ஐந்து மணி சுமாருக்கு வருவார்கள்”, அம்மா பதில் கூறினார். “அவர்கள் வீட்டுக்கு வருவதற்கு முன், நீ டெடியை நடை பழக கூட்டி செல். சரியா?” என்று கனியின் அப்பா கூறினார். “கண்டிப்பாக” என்றாள் கனி.

After a few hours of nap, Kani parents started preparing dinner for Rani aunty. Kani’s mom took the new dinner plates, cups, and spoons from the cupboard and cleans them.

சில மணி நேர குட்டித்தூக்கத்திற்குப் பின், கனியின் பெற்றோர், ராணி மாமிக்கு இரவு உணவு தயாரிக்க துவங்கினர். விருந்துக்காக சமையல் அலமாரியில் இருந்து புதிய தட்டுகள், கோப்பைகள், கரண்டிகளை கனியின் தாயார் எடுத்து அவற்றை சுத்தம் செய்தார்.

Kani took Teddy out for a walk. While crossing a provision store at the end of the street, Teddy suddenly started running “Teddy, why are you running again?” asked Kani. Kani ran with Teddy while holding his leash very tightly.

கனி, டெடியை அழைத்துக் கொண்டு நடைபழக சென்றாள். தெருவின் கடைசியில் இருந்த மளிகைக் கடையை கடக்கும் போது, டெடி திடீரென. எதிர்பாராமல் ஓடத் துவங்கியது. “டெடி எதற்காக மறுபடியும் ஓடுகிறாய்?”, என்று கனி கேட்டாள்.
கனி டெடியின் கழுத்திலிருந்த தோல்வாரை உறுதியாகப் பிடித்தபடி, அதனோடு கூடவே ஓடினாள்.

This time it was Amar, the provision shop owner who was standing outside the shop. Teddy ran to him and would not stop wagging his tail until Amar pet him. There was a dog lying outside the shop. Kani remembered how some people would throw stones at this dog. While she was thinking about it, Teddy started playing with that dog. Kani pet the other dog.

இம்முறை, மளிகை கடைக்கு வெளியே நின்றிருந்த அதன் உரிமையாளர் அமர் என்பவரை நோக்கி டெடி ஓடியது. அவர் தன்னைக் கொஞ்சும் வரை தன் வாலை நிறுத்தாமல் ஆட்டிக் கொண்டிருந்தது. கடைக்கு வெளியே ஒரு நாய் படுத்திருந்தது.
அதன் மேல் சில மனிதர்கள் கல் எறிந்ததை கனி நினைத்துப் பார்த்தாள். அப்படி அவள் நினைத்துக் கொண்டிருக்கையில், டெடி அந்த நாயுடன் விளையாடத் துவங்கியது. கனியும் அதனைக் கொஞ்சினாள்.

After a few minutes, Teddy and Kani started walking into the next street. Teddy started running again. “Oh no. Teddy, not again. Why are you running again? Who was it now?”, said Kani.

சில நிமிடங்களுக்குப் பின், கனியும் டெடியும் அடுத்த தெருவுக்கு நடக்கத் துவங்கினர். டெடி மறுபடியும் ஓடத் துவங்கியது. “வேண்டாம் டெடி. எதற்காக மறுபடியும் ஓடுகிறாய்? இப்போது யார்?” என்றாள் கனி.

This time it was Mary. She was a differently-abled person who sells candles outside a church. Teddy ran to her and would not stop wagging his tail until she pet him. They continued walking. Teddy and Kani finally reached home and were ready to welcome guests. Kani’s family had a great time with Rani aunty and her son. After a long day, they all went to sleep.

இம்முறை அது மேரி. அவள் தேவாலயத்துக்கு வெளியே மெழுகுவத்தி விற்கும் ஒரு மாற்றுத்திறனாளி. டெடி அவளை நோக்கி ஓடியது. அவள் இதனை கொஞ்சும் வரை, அது தன் வாலை ஆட்டுவதை நிறுத்தாது. அவர்கள் நடையைத் தொடர்ந்தனர். முடிவில் கனியும் டெடியும் வீட்டை அடைந்து விருந்தினரை வரவேற்கத் தயாராயினர். ராணி மாமியுடனும், அவரது மகனுடனும் கனியின் குடும்பத்தினர் சிறப்பாக நேரத்தை செலவிட்டனர்.

நீண்ட பொழுதுக்குப் பின் அனைவரும் படுக்க சென்றனர். கனி உறங்கிக் கொண்டிருந்தபோது, தூக்கத்தில் திடீரென்று மின்னொளி போல், உடைந்த காப்பி கோப்பை, மிச்சமான உணவு, தெரு நாய் கல்லால் எறியப்படுதல் போன்ற காட்சிகள் அவள் கனவில் தோன்றின.

Kani was sleeping and suddenly saw flashes of the broken coffee cup, leftover food, the street dog getting hit by stones in her dream. Kani woke up very disturbed. She looked around. She drank water and went back to sleep. After a while, Kani saw flashes of Teddy playing with Mary, Muthu, and Anbu. Kani woke up again but this time with tears filled in her eyes. She realized how Teddy was compassionate and how he loved everyone equally. At that moment, Kani decided that she will also treat everyone equally with love and respect. She hugged Teddy and kissed him. Teddy wagged his fail and both went back to sleep.

மிகவும் கலக்கமடைந்தவளாக எழுந்த கனி சுற்றிலும் பார்த்துவிட்டு, தண்ணீ ர் அருந்திவிட்டு மறுபடியும் படுத்து தூங்கச் சென்றாள். சற்று நேரம் சென்றபின் கனி மின்னொளி போன்று டெடி, மேரி, முத்து, அன்புவுடனும் விளையாடுவதைக் கண்டாள். டெடி எவ்வாறு அனைவருடனும் இரக்கத்துடன் பழகி, அனைவரையும் சமமாக நேசிக்கிறது என்பதை கனி உணர்ந்து கொண்டாள்.

அந்த நேரமே கனி தானும் அனைவரையும் சமமாக நடத்தி, அன்பும் மரியாதையும் செலுத்த வேண்டுமென முடிவு செய்தாள். அவள் டெடியை அணைத்து முத்தமிட்டாள். டெடி தன் வாலை ஆட்டியது. இருவரும் மீண்டும் படுத்து உறங்கினர்.

Kani narrated the entire dream to her parents. Kani’s parents didn’t say a word and remained very quiet. The same day at 9 am, Teddy ran to the gate with his pillow. It was Selvi again. Selvi started doing her routine of cleaning dishes. Kani walked into the kitchen to see a new coffee cup on the counter. Kani smiled and walked back to the room with a renewed hope.

கனி தன் கனவு முழுவதையும் தன் பெற்றோருக்கு விவரமாகக் கூறினாள். அவள் கூறியதை அவர்கள் மவுனமாக கேட்டார்கள். அன்று 9 மணிக்கு டெடி தன் தலையணையுடன் வாசற் கதவுக்கு கதவுக்கு சென்றது. அங்கே மீண்டும் செல்வி
வந்திருந்தாள்.

அவள் தன் வழக்கமான பாத்திரம் கழுவும் வேலையை செய்தாள். கனி சமையல் அறையில் ஒரு புதிய காப்பி கோப்பையை பார்த்தாள். கனி புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்ட மனித நேயத்துடன், புன்னகையுடன் அறைக்கு திரும்ப வந்தாள்.

The Cracked Coffee Cup Glossary:

Compassionate -Sharing sympathy and concern for others (கருணையும் இரக்கமும் கொள்ளுதல்)
Differently-Abled – A person who is physically disabled (மாற்றுத்திறனாளி)
Disturbed – Troubled (தொந்தரவு செய்தல்)
Excited – Thrilled (உற்சாகப்படுதல்)
Favorite – Most preferred of all (மிகவும் பிடித்தமான)
Flash – Sudden burst of bright light (திடீரென வரும் பிரகாசம்)
Guests – Persons invited to visit someone (விருந்தாளிகள்)
Humanity – Being humane (மனிதநேயம்)
Leash – Strap for the dog (நாயின் கழுத்தில் கட்டப்படும் தோல்வார்)
Leftover – Extra/excess (ஞ்சியவை)
Nap – Short sleep (குட்டித் தூக்கம்)
Renewed – To start freshly (புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்ட)
Whistling – The sound produced (விசிலடித்தல்)