Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf History Term 2 Chapter 3 Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.
Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 2 Chapter 3 Rise of Marathas and Peshwas
7th Social Science Guide Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Text Book Back Questions and Answers
I. Choose the correct answer:
Question 1.
1. Who was the teacher and guardian of Shivaji?
a) Dadaji Kondadev
b) Kavi Kalash
c) Jijabai
d) Ramdas
Answer:
a) Dadaji Kondadev
Question 2.
How was the Prime Minister of Maratha kings known?
a) Deshmukh
b) Peshwa
c) Panditrao
d) Patil
Answer:
b) Peshwa
Question 3.
Name the family priest of Shambhuji who influenced him in his day-to-day administration.
a) Shahu
b) Anaji Datto
c) Dadaji Kondadev
d) KaviKalash
Answer
c) Dadaji Kondadev
Question 4.
What was the backbone of Shivaji’s army in the beginning?
a) Artillery
b) Cavalry
c) Infantry
d) Elephantry
Answer:
c) Infantry
Question 5.
Who proclaimed wars and freed Malwa and Gujarat from Mughal domination?
a) Balaji Vishwanath
b) Bajirao
c) Balaji Bajirao
d) Shahu
Answer:
Bajirao
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. The spread of the …………….. movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people to develop
consciousness and oneness.
Answer:
Bhakti
2. …………… was the key official of the revenue administration of Peshwa.
Answer:
Kamavisdar
3. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at ………………. in 1761.
Answer:
Panipat
4. ……………… was the foreign minister in the Ashtapradhan.
Answer:
Sumant / Dubeer
5. Shambhuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with ………………..
Answer:
Anaji Datto
III. Match the following.
| 1. Shahji Bhonsle | a) Mother of Shivaji |
| 2. Shambhuji | b) General of Bijapur |
| 3. Shahu | c) Shivaji’s father |
| 4. Jijabai | d) Son of Shivaji |
| 5. Afzal khan | e) Shambhuji’s grandson |
Answer:
| 1. Shahji Bhonsle | c) Shivaji’s father |
| 2. Shambhuji | d) Son of Shivaji |
| 3. Shahu | e) Shambhuji’s grandson |
| 4. Jijabai | a) Mother of Shivaji |
| 5. Afzal khan | b) General of Bijapur |
IV. State true or false:
1. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders.
Answer:
True
2. Hymns composed in Sanskrit by the Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.
Answer:
False
3. Shivaji captured Puranthar from the Mughals.
Answer:
True
4. Deshmukhs held sway over rural regions and their control was over between twenty and a hundred villages.
Answer:
True
5. Abdali invaded ten times before finally marching on Delhi.
Answer:
False
V. Consider the following statements. Tick (✓) the appropriate answer:
Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Soldiers were to live in forts and towns far away from home
Reason (R) : Maratha soldiers were not permitted to retire from battlefields each year for the
purpose of cultivating their land.
a) R is correct explanation of A
b) R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is Wrong and R is correct
d)A and R are wrong
Answer:
a) R is the correct explanation of A
Question 2.
Statement I: Judging from the ledgers of correspondence and account books, Peshwas were keen on accurate record-keeping.
Statement II: Artillery decided the battle at Panipat in 1761.
a) I is correct
b) II is correct
c) I and II are correct
d) I and II are false
Answer:
a) R is the correct explanation of A
Question 3.
Find the odd one out
Shahji, Shivaji, Shambuji, Shahu, Rahuji Bhonsle
Answer:
Question 4.
Find out the wrong pair
1. Gaikwad – Baroda
2. Peshwa – Nagpur
3. Holkar – Indore
4. Shinde – Gwalior
Answer:
2. Peshwa – Nagpur
Question 5.
Arrange the events in chronological order
I) Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian Kondadev.
II) Emperor Shahu died when Balaji Bajirao was Peshwa.
III) Shivaji resumed his military raids after his father’s death and conquered Javali.
IV) Balaji Vishwanath became Peshwa.
Answer:
I), III), IV), II)
VI. Answer in one or two sentences:
Question 1.
The impact of the Bhakti movement on Marathas.
Answer:
- The Bhakti movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people to develop consciousness of their identity and oneness.
- It promoted a feeling of unity and social equality among the Marathas.
Question 2.
Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
Answer:
Chauth:
It is one-fourth of the revenue collected as the protection money collected from the people by Shivaji.
Sardeshmukhi:
It was an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain’s due collected by Shivaji.
Question 3.
Role of Kamavisdar in Maratha revenue administration.
Answer:
- The revenue administration of Peshwas was headed by Kamavisdar.
- He had to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where they collected tribute or tax.
Question 4.
Execution of Shambhuji by Mughal Army.
Answer:
- Shambhuji was in no position to resist the Mughals.
- But Aurangzeb himself arrived to Deccan and captured Shambhuji and after torture, hanged them put to death.
Question 5.
Battle of Panipat fought in 1761.
Answer:
The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at Panipat near Delhi in 1761. The king of the Afghans, Ahmad Shah Abdali, invaded eight times before finally marching onto Delhi. The Marathas were now divided among several commanders, who approached the battle with different tactics. Artillery decided the battle in January 1761. The mobile artillery of the Afghans proved lethal against both Maratha cavalry and infantry.
VII. Answer the following:
Question 1.
Examine the essential features of the Maratha administration under Shivaji.
Answer:
Village Administration:
- Deshmukh control twenty and a hundred villages.
- Each village was administered by village headman ‘Patil’, who was assisted by village accountant ‘Kulkami’.
Military Administration:
- Shivaji gave utmost attention to his army and the training of its personnel.
- Every soldier was selected by Shivaji.
- Retired captains holding in charge of guarding the forts.
Ashtapradhan:
Shivaji designated eight ministers as ‘Ashtapradhan’. Peshwa was the Prime minister and Amatya was the finance minister.
Revenue Administration:
- He collected Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes.
- The assessments were made 3/5 left to the cultivator and 2/5 taken by the Government.
Judicial Administration:
- Civil cases decided by the Panchayat and village council.
- Criminal laws were based on the shastras of Hindu law books.
VIII. HOTs:
Question 1.
Compare the revenue administration of the Peshwas with that of Shivaji.
Answer:
- Peshwas appointed Kamavisdar to collect the tax.
- A small staff of clerks and servants were employed to maintain revenue records.
- The contract for revenue collection auctioned.
- A prospective tax or Revenue required to pay one third to one – half of the revenue.
- While Shivaji required to pay Chauth (1/4 of revenue) as protection money, and Sardeshmukhi (extra 1/10 of revenue) chieftain’s due.
- The assessment was made on three fifths (3/5) left to the cultivator and two fifths (2/5) taken by the government.
X. Student Activity:
I. Match the responsibilities of Ashtapradhan
| A | B |
| 1. Amatya | a) Foreign Minister |
| 2. Waqia | b) Commander-in-chief |
| 3. Sumant | c) Finance Minister |
| 4. Senapati | d) Interior Minister |
Answer:
| A | B |
| 1. Amatya | a) Foreign Minister |
| 2. Waqia | d) Interior Minister |
| 3. Sumant | c) Finance Minister |
| 4. Senapati | b) Commander-in-chief |
2. Group Activity
Question
Collect information about the Thanjavur Marathas with special reference to their contribution to education, art, and architecture.
Answer:
- Venkoji, a half-brother of great Maratha king Shivaji established the Maratha Kingdom at Tanjore in April 1674 A.D.
- Shahuji I, Serfoji I, Serfoji II were important rulers of Tanjore Maratha place, Saraswathi Mahal Library were important buildings built by them.
- They favoured, Sanskrit, and Telugu literature.
- Tanjore paintings are added beauty to their palaces.
7th Social Science Guide Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Additional Important Questions and Answers
I. Choose the Correct answer.
Question 1.
The welfare system followed by Shivaji was
a) Tulughama
b) Guerilla
c) Tank System
d) Bluewater policy
Answer:
b) Guerilla
Question 2.
The major Mughal port in the Arabian sea was
a) Karachi
b) Cochin
c) Goa
d) Surat
Answer:
d) Surat
Question 3.
Shivaji assumed the title Chhatrapathi in the year.
a)1654
b)1664
c)1674
d)1684
Answer:
b) 1664
Question 4.
The village accountant and a keeper of records in the Maratha empire was
a) Kulkarni
b) Patil
c) Nyayadhish
d) Senapathi
Answer:
a) Kulkarni
Question 5.
Eight ministers council of Shivaji was known as
a) Astadiggajas
b) Ashta Pradhan
c) Navarathnas
d) Triratnas
Answer:
b) Ashta Pradhan
Question 6.
The name of the Gwalior Maratha family is ……………..
a) Gaikuvar
b) Bhosle
c) Holkan
d) Scindhia
Answer:
d) Scindhia
Question 7.
Shivaji conquered Javali from the Maratha chief …………………..
a) Chandra Rao More
b) Shaisha Khan
c) Afzal khan
d) Kondadev
Answer:
a) Chandra Rao More
Question 8.
………………was the major port of Mughals.
a) Bijapur
b) Javali
c) Pune
d) Surat
Answer:
d) Surat
Question 9.
In Maratha administration ……………… held sway over rural regions.
a) Patil
b) Kulkami
c) Deshmukkhs
d) All of these
Answer:
c) Deshmukkhs
Question 10.
In Maratha Administration Waqia – navis was responsible for …………….. ministry.
a) Finance
b) External affairs
c) Interior
d) Law
Answer:
c) Interior
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. ……………. was the father of Shivaji.
Answer:
Shaji Bhonsle
2. Shivaji’s mother ……………….
Answer:
Jijabal.
3. Two great Hindu epics are ……………. and the ……………
Answer:
Ramé yana, Mahabharatha.
4. The strength of Shivaji’s army was …………….. Soldiers.
Answer:
Mavali foot
5. Shivaji conquered Javali in …………………
Answer:
1656
6. Aurangzeb’s uncle and the Mughal general were…………….
Answer:
Shaista Khan
7. Shivaji plundered Surat in ………………
Answer:
1664.
8. Chatrapati means ……………….
Answer:
Parasolpati
9. The village headman in Maratha kingdom was …………………..
Answer:
Patil.
10. ………………… was the chief Justice in the Marathon empire.
Answer:
Nyayadhish
11. Shahu mean …………….
Answer:
honest
12.Two prominent Maratha families are …………….., …………….
Answer:
Gaikwad, Peshwa
13. During the period of the ……………….. the northern frontiers of the Maratha state extended
Answer:
Peshwa Balaji Bajiro
14. The revenue administration of Peshwa was headed by a key official called ………………….
Answer:
Kamavisdar
15. the Third Battle of Panipat was fought in the year …………………
Answer:
1761 A.D
III. Match the following:
| 1. Peshura | a) Village accountant |
| 2. Patil | b) Finance Minister |
| 3. Amatya | c) Prime minister |
| 4. Kulkami | d) Village head man |
Answer:
| 1. Peshura | c) Prime minister |
| 2. Patil | d) Village head man |
| 3. Amatya | b) Finance Minister |
| 4. Kulkami | a) Village accountant |
IV. State true or false:
1. The Bhakti Movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness
Answer:
True
2. The forces of Shivaji Plundered Surat in 1674.
Answer:
False
V. Consider the following statements. Tick (✓) the appropriate answer:
Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Shivaji’s father captivated by the Sultan of Bijapur.
Reason (R) : Shivaji’s Military raids angered the Sultan of Bijapur.
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct and R is wrong
d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer:
b) R is the correct explanation of A
Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Bajirao assumed the powers of the commands in chief
Reason (R) : He didn’t want to depend on Deshmukh’s
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct and R is wrong
d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer:
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
Question 3.
Find the odd one out.
1. Shurunavis, Waqia – Navis, Sumant, Kamavisdar
Answer:
VI. Answer in one or two sentences:
Question 1.
Who were the notable saints of the Bhakthi movement?
Answer:
Eknath, Tukaram, and Ramdas were the notable saints of the Bhakti Movement
Question 2.
What is the meaning of Chhatrapati?
Answer:
Chhatra means ‘parasol’, pati means ‘master or lord’ is the Sanskrit equivalent of King or Emperor. It was used by the Marathas, especially Shivaji.
Question 3.
Name the prominent Maratha families.
Answer:
- Gaekwad at Baroda
- Bhonsle at Nagpur
- Holkar at Indore
- Shinde or Scindhia at Gwalior
- Peshwa at Pune.
VII. Answer the following:
Question 1.
What were the factors responsible for the rise of Marathas?
Answer:
Geographical Features:
The rocky and mountainous terrain proved to be advantageous in guerrilla warfare for Marathas.
Bhakti Movement and the Marathas:
The Bhakthi Movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness. It promoted a feeling of unity and social equality among the Marathas.
Literature and Language of the Marathas:
Marathi Language and literature also served to develop unity among the people.