TN Board 12th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 11 Biodiversity and its Conservation

Students get through the TN Board 12th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 11 Biodiversity and its Conservation which is useful for their exam preparation.

TN State Board 12th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 11 Biodiversity and its Conservation

Very short answer questions

Question 1.
Define Biodiversity.
Answer:
Biodiversity is defined as the assemblage of different life forms on Earth.

Question 2.
What is genetic diversity?
Answer:
Genetic diversity refers to the difference in genetic makeup between distinct species, within a single species, and between different populations.

Question 3.
Name any two ecosystem services.
Answer:

1. Providing food to many organisms.
2. Ecotourism.

Question 4.
What is the indicator of the health of an ecosystem?
Answer:
Endemism is the crucial indicator of the health of an ecosystem.

Question 5.
In South-East Asia, the dwindling of fruit bats is followed by a reduction in local fruit production. Why?
Answer:
The local fruit production in south-East Asia has got affected as the bats are found to be the pollinators of fruit trees.

Question 6.
Name any two animals found in the Deccan peninsula.
Answer:

1. Sambhar
2. Elephant

Question 7.
What are alien species?
Answer:
Alien species are organisms often introduced in a habitat unintentionally or deliberately for commercial purposes or a biological control agent and other uses.

Question 8.
What is the main effect of climate change?
Answer:
Climate change increases land and ocean temperature changes precipitation patterns and raises the sea level.

Question 9.
Name any two alien species introduced in India.
Answer:
The alien species introduced in India include Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus and Amazon sailfin catfish.

Question 10.
Define Endangered Species.
Answer:
Endangered species are defined as species that are very likely to be extinct in near future.

Question 11.
Expand IUCN.
Answer:
IUCN means International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Question 12.
Name any two national tiger reserves.
Answer:

1. Jim Corbett National park.
2. Kalakkad – Mundamthurai tiger reserve.

Short answer questions

Question 1.
What are sacred groves?
Answer:
Sacred groves of sacred woods are any assemblages of trees that are of special importance to a particular religion or culture. Sacred groves are seen in various cultures throughout the world. It is considered as one of the means of in situ conservation of plants and their associated organisms.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of gene banks? Gene banks are a type of biorepository, which collect and store genetic materials. The advantages of gene banks are as follows.
Answer:

1. The seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants can be stored for long periods in the seed bank.
2. Using the cryopreservation technique, the gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile conditions.
3. Endangered species can be revived.

Question 3.
Write briefly about the principles of the Stockholm Declaration, 1972.
Answer:
The Stockholm convention in 1972 declared that the natural resources of Earth such as air, water, land, flora, and fauna of the natural ecosystems must be protected for the benefit of present and future generations. This should be done through careful planning, appropriate management, and judicial execution.

Question 4.
Name any three National parks in Tamil Nadu, their year, and place of establishment.
Answer:

Question 5.
List out any three important roles of IUCN.
Answer:

1. It influences, assists and encourages societies in the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.
2. It influences Governments and industries through partnerships by providing information and advice.
3. It helps in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity.

Question 6.
Explain Coextinction with an example.
Answer:
Coextinction of a species is the loss of a species as a consequence of the extinction of another species.
Eg: Orchid bees and forest trees by cross-pollination. When the bees become extinct, the cross-pollination will not take place in forest trees and tree populations may also slowly become extinct.

Long answer questions

Question 1.
The richness of biodiversity in tropics is more. Justify.
Answer:
The reasons for the richness of biodiversity in the tropics are:

1. The warm tropical region on either side of the equator provides congenial habitat for living organisms.
2. Environmental conditions in the tropics are conducive for speciation as well as for supporting both variety and number of organisms.
3. The temperature in the tropic ranges between 25°C and 35°C, which are ideal for most of the metabolic activities of organisms.
4. The average rainfall is more than 200 mm per year, which is sufficient to support the whole ecosystem.
5. Rich resource and nutrient availability to support the functions of the ecosystem.
6. Climate, seasons, temperature, humidity, photoperiod etc., are more or less stable and encourage both variety and number.

Question 2.
List out the Biogeographical regions of India with their fauna.
Answer:

Question 3.
Pollutants and pollution are a major cause for biodiversity loss – Justify.
Answer:

1. The excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and heavy metals has polluted the land, ground, and surface water bodies.
2. There is a decline in the population of fish-eating birds and falcons due to pesticide biomagnification, which results in high concentrations of such pesticides in higher tropic levels like fishes.
3. Eutrophication of water bodies has resulted from the runoff from fertilizer-rich fields.
4. Metal contamination like mercury arsenic, cadmium, and chromium have to lead to the depletion of biotic resources in vulnerable ecosystems.
5. The veterinary medicine, Diclofenac used for the thinning of eggshells is said to be responsible for the death of the vulture population.

Question 4.
Explain the species-area relationship with the help of a diagram?
Answer:
The relationship between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa (plants, birds, bats, freshwater fishes) will be a rectangular hyperbola in an arithmetic graph.
On a logarithmic scale, the relationship is a straight line described by the equation:
Log S = Log C + Z log A
where
S = Species richness
A = Area
Z = Slope of the line
C = Y-intercept .

Generally the regression coefficients or the slope value of the curve, Z has a value of 0.1- 0.2 regardless of taxonomic group or region. If the area is more like the entire continent, the curve will be steeper, the Z value being 0.6 – 1.2

Choose the correct answers:

1. Match the following:

(a) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(ii); (s)-(i)
(b) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)
(c) (p)-(ii); (q)-(i); (r)-(ivj; (s)-(iii)
(d) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)
Answer:
(c) (p)-(ii); (q)-(i); (r)-(ivj; (s)-(iii)

2. Match the following:

(a) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(ii); (s)~(i)
(b) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)
(c) (p)-(ii); (q)-(i); (r)-(iv); (s)-(iii)
(d) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(ii); (s)-(i)
Answer:
(b) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)

3. Match the following:

(a) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(ii); (s)-(i)
(b) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)
(c) (p)-(ii); (q)-(i); (r)-(iv); (s)-(iii)
(d) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(ii); (s)-(i)
Answer:
(d) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(ii); (s)-(i)

4. Match the following:


(a) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)
(b) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(ii); (s)-(i)
(c) (p)-(iv); (q)-(iii); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)
(d) (p)-(ii); (q)-(i); (r)-(iv); (s)-(iii)
Answer:
(a) (p)-(iii); (q)-(iv); (r)-(i); (s)-(ii)

5. Sunda lands include:
(a) Himalaya
(b) Nicobar islands
(c) Andaman
(d) Srilanka
Answer:
(b) Nicobar islands

6. The year of establishment of Mudumalai NP is:
(a) 1976
(b) 1980
(c) 1990
(d) 1989
Answer:
(c) 1990

7. Biosphere reserve in India includes:
(a) Gulf of Mannar
(b) Madras Crocodile Bank
(c) Guindy National park
(d) National tiger project
Answer:
(a) Gulf of Mannar

8. The UN Earth summit, which defined Biodiversity, was held in the year:
(a) 1990
(b) 1992
(c) 1982
(d) 1996
Answer:
(b) 1992

9. Choose the odd man out:
(a) Walter Rosen
(b) Alexander Rom Humboldt
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Edward Wilson
Answer:
(c) Charles Darwin

10. Find out the odd one:
(a) Oryza sativa
(b) mango
(c) wheat
(d) Rouwolfia vomitaria
Answer:
(d) Rouwolfia vomitaria

11. Indicate the odd one out:
(a) the Western Ghats
(b) Gulf of Mannar
(c) the Himalayas
(d) Gangetic plain
Answer:
(b) Gulf of Mannar

12. Choose the odd one out:
(a) Habitat lose
(b) Pollution
(c) Population control
(d) Overexploitation
Answer:
(c) Population control

13. Which of the following is the correct pair?

Answer:
(d)

14. Choose the incorrect pair:

Answer:
(b)

15. Find out the correct pair:

Answer:
(a)

16. Which of the following is an incorrect pair?

Answer:
(d)

17. Assertion and reason:
Assertion: Biodiversity is very important and worthy to protection.
Reason: Because it provides sustainable benefits for the present as well as future generations.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is not correct.
(d) Assertion is not correct, reason is correct.
(e) Both assertion and reason are not correct.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

18. Assertion: Gene bank is a type of biorepository of genetic materials.
Reason: The genetic materials can be retrieved to revive endangered/threatened species.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is not correct.
(d) Assertion is not correct, reason is correct.
(e) Both assertion and reason are not correct.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

19. Assertion: Biodiversity supplies a large number of goods and services that sustain human life.
Reason: It supplies food, fuel, and building materials.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is not correct.
(d) Assertion is not correct, reason is correct.
(e) Both assertion and reason are not correct.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

20. Assertion: Arignar Anna Zoological Park at Vandalur is the place of in-situ conservation of animals.
Reason: The Zoo has many attractive features like a Butterfly park, Aviary, Lion and deer safari, forest museum, etc.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is not correct.
(d) Assertion is not correct, reason is correct.
(e) Both assertion and reason are not correct.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is not correct, reason is correct.

21. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) Ex-situ conservation is the conservation of a species in places of their natural homes.
(b) Ex-situ conservation is the conservation of species in Botanical gardens.
(c) Ex-situ conservation is the conservation of animals/plants in places outside their natural homes.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Ex-situ conservation is the conservation of animals/plants in places outside their natural homes.

22. Choose the incorrect statement:
(a) Biodiversity is the variety of all life on Earth.
(b) To date, about one million species have been identified on Earth.
(c) Sacred groves feature in various cultures throughout the world.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) To date, about one million species have been identified on Earth.

23. Identify the correct statement:
(a) Pollution is the only major cause of biodiversity loss.
(b) Species have been evolving and dying out ever since the origin of life.
(c) Nowadays, the species are becoming extinct at a slower rate.
(d) All the above statements are correct.
Answer:
(b) Species have been evolving and dying out ever since the origin of life.

24. Find out the incorrect statement:
(a) The term biodiversity was first introduced by Edward Wilson.
(b) The term biodiversity was first coined by Walter Rosen.
(c) The term biodiversity was popularised by Edward Wilson.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) The term biodiversity was first introduced by Edward Wilson.