Students get through the TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement which is useful for their exam preparation.

TN State Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Answer the following.

Question 1.
What is locomotion?
Answer:
The movement of organisms from one place to another in search of food, shelter, mate and escape from predators is called locomotion.

Question 2.
What are the different types of movements that occur in the cells of the human body?
Answer:
The different types of movements that occur in the cells of our body are amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar and muscular movements.

  1. Amoeboid- movement: Cells such as macrophages exhibit amoeboid movement for engulfing pathogens by pseudopodia formed by the streaming movement of the cytoplasm.
  2. Ciliary movement: This type of movement occurs in the respiratory passages and genital tracts which are lined by ciliated epithelial cells.
  3. Flagellar movement: This type of movement occurs in the cells which are having flagella or whip-like motile organelle. The sperm cells show flagellar movement.
  4. Muscular movement: The movement of hands, legs, jaws, tongue are caused by the contraction and relaxation of the muscle which is termed as the muscular movement.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 3.
Write the names of the types of muscles?
Answer:
The muscles are classified into three types, namely skeletal, visceral and cardiac muscles.

Question 4.
Why skeletal muscles are called’ voluntary muscles?
Answer:
Skeletal muscles control voluntary actions such as walking, running, swimming, writing hence termed as voluntary muscles.

Question 5
Differentiate epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
Answer:
The connective tissue covering the whole muscle is the epimysium, the covering around each fascicle is the perimysium and the muscle fibre is surrounded by the endomysium.

Question 6.
How does myoglobin serve as a reservoir of oxygen?
Answer:
Myoglobin is a red-coloured respiratory pigment of the muscle fibre. It is similar to haemoglobin and contains the iron group that has an affinity towards oxygen and serves as the reservoir of oxygen. Glycosomes are the granules of stored glycogen that provide glucose during the period of muscle fibre activity.

Question 7.
Differentiate anisotropic bands and isotropic bands.
Answer:

Anisotropic band Isotropic band
A – bands are called anisotropic. I – bands are called isotropic bands.
They are dark bands. They are light bands.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 8.
Define neuromuscular junction.
Answer:
Muscle contraction is initiated by a nerve impulse sent by the central nervous system (CNS) through a motor neuron. The junction between the motor neuron and the sarcolemma of the muscle fibre is called the neuromuscular junction or motor endplate.

Question 9.
Write the schematic presentation of muscle contraction?
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 8 Excretion 7

Question 10.
Write the two primary types of muscle contractions?
Answer:
There are two primary types of muscle contractions. They are isotonic contraction and isometric contraction. The types of contractions depend on the changes in the length and tension of the muscle fibres at the time of its contraction.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 11.
Differentiate isotonic and isometric contraction for example.
Answer:

Isotonic contraction Isometric contraction
In isotonic contraction, the length of the muscle changes but the tension remains constant. Here, the force produced is unchanged, eg: lifting dumbbells and weightlifting. In isometric contraction, the length of the muscle does not change but the tension of the muscle changes. Here, the force produced is changed, eg: pushing against a wall, holding a heavy bag.

Question 12.
What are the different types of skeletal muscles? On which basis the classification is done.
Answer:
The muscle fibres can be classified on the basis of their rate of shortening, either fast or slow and the way in which they produce the ATP needed for contraction, either oxidative or glycolytic. Fibres that contain numerous mitochondria and have a high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation are classified as oxidative fibres. The oxidative fibres are termed red muscle fibres. Fibres that contain few mitochondria but possess a high concentration of glycolytic enzymes and large stores of glycogen are called glycolytic fibres. They are termed white muscle fibres.

Question 13.
Write an account of three types of skeletal muscles.
Answer:
Skeletal muscle fibres are further classified into three types based on the above classification. They are slow – oxidative fibres, fast – oxidative fibres and fast – glycolytic fibres.

  1. Slow – oxidative fibres have low rates of myosin ATP hydrolysis but have the ability to make large amounts of ATP. These fibres are used for prolonged, regular activity such as long-distance swimming. Long-distance runners have a high proportion of these fibres in their leg muscles.
  2. Fast-oxidative fibres have high myosin ATPase activity and can make large amounts of ATP. They are particularly suited for rapid actions.
  3. Fast-glycolytic fibres have myosin ATPase activity but cannot make as much ATP as oxidative fibres, because of their source of ATP in glycolysis. These fibres are best suited for rapid, intense actions, such as short sprints at maximum speed.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 14.
Name the two divisions of the human skeletal system.
Answer:
In human beings, the skeletal system is made up of 206 bones and cartilages. It is grouped into two principal divisions – the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Question 15.
Write down the functions of the skeletal system.
Answer:

  1. Support: It forms a rigid framework and supports the weight of the body against gravity.
  2. Shape: It provides and maintains the shape of the body.
  3. Protection: It protects the delicate internal organs of the body.
  4. Acts as reservoir: It stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Fat (Triglyceride) is stored in the yellow bone marrow and represents a source of stored energy for the body.
  5. Locomotion: It acts as a lever along with the muscles attached to it.
  6. Strength: It can withstand heavyweight and absorbs mechanical shock.
  7. As a haemopoietic tissue: Red and White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of the ribs, spongy bones of vertebrae and extremities of long bones.

Question 16.
Give an account of the structures of the skull.
Answer:
The skull is composed of two sets of bones, cranial and facial bones. It consists of 22 bones of which 8 are cranial bones and 14 are facial bones. The cranial bones form the hard protective outer covering of the brain and called the brain box. The capacity of the cranium is 1500 cm3. These bones are joined by sutures that are immovable. They are paired parietal, paired temporal and individual bones such as the frontal, sphenoid, occipital and ethmoid.
TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement 1
TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement 2
The large hole in the temporal bone is the external auditory meatus. In the facial bones maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, lacrimal, nasal are paired bones whereas mandible or lower jaw and vomer are unpaired bones. They form the front part of the skull. A single U-shaped hyoid bone is present at the base of the buccal cavity. It is the only bone without any joint. Each middle ear contains three tiny bones- malleus, incus and stapes collectively are called ear ossicles. The upper jaw is formed of the maxilla and the lower jaw is formed of the mandible. The upper jaw is fused with the cranium and is immovable. The lower jaw is connected to the cranium by muscles and is movable. The most prominent openings in the skull are the orbits and the nasal cavity. The foramen magnum is a large opening found at the posterior base of the skull. Through this opening, the medulla oblongata of the brain descends down as the spinal cord.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 17.
Write about the bones forming the vertebral column.
Answer:
The vertebral column is also called the backbone. It consists of 33 serially arranged vertebrae which are interconnected by cartilage known as an intervertebral disc. The vertebral column extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis and forms the main framework of the trunk. The vertebral column has five major regions. They are the Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum (5 sacral vertebrae found in the infant which are fused to form one bone in the adult) and Coccyx (4 coccygeal vertebrae found in the infant which are fused to form one bone in the adult).
Each vertebra has a central hollow portion, the neural canal, through which the spinal cord passes. The first vertebra is called the atlas and the second vertebra is called the axis. Atlas is articulated with the occipital condyles.
The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature of the back.

Question 18.
What is the sternum? What is its importance?
Answer:
The sternum is a flat bone on the midventral line of the thorax. It provides space for the attachment of the thoracic ribs and abdominal muscles.

Question 19.
Write the features of the pectoral girdle.
Answer:
The upper limbs are attached to the pectoral girdles. These are very light and allow the upper limbs a degree of mobility not seen anywhere else in the body. The girdle is formed of two halves. Each half of the pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle or collar bone and a scapula. The scapula is a large, thin, triangular bone situated in the dorsal surface of the ribcage between the second and seventh ribs. It has a slightly elevated ridge called, the spine which projects as a flat, expanded process called the acromion. The clavicle articulates with this process. Below the acromion is a depression called the glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint. Each clavicle is a long slender bone with two curvatures that lies horizontally and connects the axial skeleton with the appendicular skeleton.

Question 20.
Write about the bones of the upper limb.
Answer:
The upper limb consists of 30 separate bones and is specialized for mobility. The skeleton of the arm, the region between the shoulder and elbow is the humerus. The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula and forms the shoulder joint. The distal end of the humerus articulates with the two forearm bones the radius and ulna. The forearm is the region between the elbow and the wrist. The Olecranon process is situated at the upper end of the ulna which forms the pointed portion of the elbow. The hand consists of carpals, metacarpals and phalanges.
Carpals, the wrist bones, 8 in number are arranged in two rows of four each. The anterior surface of the wrist has a tunnel-like appearance, due to the arrangement of carpals with the ligaments. This tunnel is termed a carpal tunnel.
Metacarpals, the palm bones are 5 in number and phalanges the bones of the digit are 14 in number.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 21.
Differentiate false ribs from floating ribs.
Answer:

False ribs Floating ribs
The 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum but joined with the cartilaginous (hyaline cartilage) part of the seventh rib. These are called ‘false ribs’ or vertebra-chondral ribs. The last 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are not connected ventrally. Therefore, they are called as ‘floating ribs’ or vertebral ribs. Thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the ribcage.

Question 22.
Write about the pelvic girdle briefly.
Answer:
The pelvic girdle is a heavy structure specialized for weight-bearing. It is composed of two hip bones called coxal bones that secure the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Together, with the sacrum and coccyx, the hip bones form the basin like the bony pelvis. Each coxal bone consists of three fused bones, ilium, ischium and pubis. At the point of fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis a deep hemispherical socket called the acetabulum is present on the lateral surface of the pelvis. It receives the head of the femur or thigh bone at the hip joint and helps in the articulation of the femur. Ventrally the two halves of the pelvic girdle meet and form the pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage. The ilium is the superior flaring portion of the hip bone. Each ilium forms a secure joint with the sacrum posteriorly. The ischium is a curved bar of bone. The V-shaped pubic bones articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis. The pelvis of males is deep and narrow with larger heavier bones and the female is shallow, wide and flexible, in nature, and this helps during pregnancy which is influenced by female hormones.

Question 23.
Write an account on the bones of the lower limb.
Answer:
The lower limb consists of 30 bones that carry the entire weight of the erect body and is subjected to exceptional forces when we jump or run. The bones of the lower limbs are thicker and stronger than the upper limbs.
The three segments of each lower limb are the thigh, the leg or the shank and the foot.
The femur is the single bone of the thigh. It is the largest, longest and strongest bone in the body. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint. Two parallel bones, the tibia and fibula, form the skeleton of the shank. A thick, triangular patella forms the knee cap, which protects the knee joint anteriorly and improves the leverage of thigh muscles acting across the knee. The foot includes the bones of the ankle, the tarsus, the metatarsus and the phalanges or toe bones. The foot supports our body weight and acts as a lever to propel the body forward while walking and running.
The tarsus is made up of seven bones called tarsals. The metatarsus consists of five bones called metatarsals. The arrangement of the metatarsals is parallel to each other. There are 14 phalanges in the toes which are smaller than those of the fingers.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 24.
Differentiate carpals and metacarpals from tarsus and metatarsus.
Answer:

Carpals and metacarpals Tarsus and Metatarsus
The hand consists of carpals and metacarpals. The foot includes the bones called tarsus and metatarsus.
Carpals are the wrist bones that are eight in number and are arranged in two rows of four each. The tarsus is made up of seven bones called tarsals.
Metacarpals are five in number. Metatarsals are five bones in number.

Question 25.
Given an account of the structure of a long bone with a neat diagram.
Answer:
Atypical long bone has a diaphysis, epiphyses (singular-epiphysis) and membranes. A tubular diaphysis or shaft forms the long axis of the bone. It is constructed of a thick collar of compact bone that surrounds a central medullary cavity or marrow cavity. The epiphyses are the bone ends. Compact bone forms the exterior of epiphyses and their interior contains spongy bone with red marrow. The region where the diaphysis and epiphyses meet is called the metaphysis. The external surface of the entire bone except the joint surface is covered by a double-layered membrane called the periosteum. The outer fibrous layer is dense irregular connective tissue. The inner osteogenic layer consists of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) which secrete bone matrix elements and osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells). In addition, there are primitive stem cells, osteogenic cells, that give rise to the osteoblasts. The periosteum is richly supplied with nerve fibres, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. Internal bone surfaces are covered with a delicate connective tissue membrane called the endosteum. The endosteum covers the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals that pass through the compact bone. It also contains both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis epiphyseal plate or growth, the plate is present.
TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement 3

Question 26.
(i) What are joints?
(ii) Write its importance.
Answer:
(i) The joints are points of contact between bones.
(ii) Joints are essential for all types of movements performed by the bony parts of the body.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 27.
Write about the different types of joints with examples.
Answer:

  1. Fibrous joints or Synarthroses: They are immovably fixed joints in which no movement between the bones is possible. Sutures of the flat skull bones are fibrous joints.
  2. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthroses: They are slightly movable joints in which the joint surfaces are separated by cartilage and slight movement is only possible.

Question 28.
Write about the different disorders of the muscular system.
Answer:
Myasthenia gravis: An autoimmune disorder affecting the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscles. Acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma are blocked by antibodies leading to weakness of muscles. When the disease progresses, it can make chewing, swallowing, talking and even breathing difficult.
Tetany: Rapid muscle spasms occur in the muscles due to deficiency of parathyroid hormone resulting in reduced calcium levels in the body.
Muscle fatigue: Muscle fatigue is the inability of a muscle to contract after repeated muscle contractions. This is due to lack of ATP and accumulation of lactic acid by the anaerobic breakdown of glucose will lead to rigour Mortis.
Atrophy: A decline or cessation of muscular activity results in the condition called atrophy which results in the reduction in the size of the muscle and makes the muscle become weak, which occurs with lack of usage as in chronic bedridden patients.
Muscle pull: Muscle pull is actually a muscle tear. A traumatic pulling of the fibres produces a tear known as a sprain. This can occur due to sudden stretching of muscle beyond the point of elasticity. Back pain is a common problem caused by muscle pull due to improper posture with static sitting for long hours.
Muscular dystrophy: The group of diseases collectively called muscular dystrophy are associated with the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibres, weakening the muscles and leading to death from lung or heart failure. The most common form of muscular dystrophy is called Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

Question 29.
Differentiate muscle fatigue from muscle pull.
Answer:
Muscle fatigue is the inability of a muscle to contract after repeated muscle contractions. Muscle pull is actually a muscle tear. A traumatic pulling of the fibres produces a tear known as a sprain.

Question 30.
What is Duchene muscular dystrophy?
Answer:
The progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibres, weakening the muscles and leading to death from lung or heart failure. The most common form of muscular dystrophy is called Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Question 31.
Write briefly about the disorders of the skeletal system.
Answer:
Arthritis and osteoporosis are the major disorders of the skeletal system.
(i) Arthritis: Arthritis is an inflammatory (or) degenerative disease that damages, the joints. There are several types of arthritis.
(a) Osteoarthritis: The bone ends of the knees and other freely movable joints wear away as a person ages. The joints of the knees, hip, fingers and vertebral column are affected.
(b) Rheumatoid arthritis: The synovial membranes become inflamed and there is an accumulation of fluid in the joints. The joints swell and become extremely painful. It can begin at any age but symptoms usually emerge before the age of fifty.
(c) Gouty arthritis or gout: Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals or inability to excrete it. It gets deposited in synovial joints.
(ii) Osteoporosis: It occurs due to deficiency of vitamin D and hormonal imbalance. The bone becomes soft and fragile. It causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adult females. It can be minimized with adequate calcium intake, vitamin D intake and regular physical activities.

Question 32.
Define gout.
Answer:
Gouty arthritis or gout: Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals or inability to excrete it. It gets deposited in synovial joints.

Question 33.
What is osteoporosis?
Answer:
Osteoporosis occurs due to deficiency of vitamin D and hormonal imbalance. The bone becomes soft and fragile. It causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adult females. It can be minimized with adequate calcium intake, vitamin D intake and regular physical activities.

Question 34.
What are the four basic categories of exercises?
Answer:
Endurance or aerobic activities increase the breathing and heart rate. They keep the circulatory system healthy and improve overall fitness. Strength exercises make the muscles stronger. They help to stay independent and carry out everyday activities such as climbing stairs and carrying bags.
Balance exercises help to prevent falls which is a common problem in older adults. Many strengthening exercises also improve balance.
Flexibility exercises help to stretch body muscles for more freedom of joint movements.

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

Choose the correct answer.

1. The sperm cells show ………. movement.
(a) amoeboid movement
(b) ciliary movement
(c) flagellar movement
(d) muscular movement
Answer:
(c) flagellar movement

2. Muscles are made of cells called:
(a) mucocytes
(b) myocytes
(c) monocytes
(d) chondrocytes
Answer:
(b) myocytes

3. Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by a bundle of collagen fibres known as:
(a) fascicle
(b) myofibrils
(c) tendon
(d) sarcomere
Answer:
(c) tendon

4. The cytoplasm of the muscle fibre is called:
(a) sarcoplasm
(b) protoplasm
(c) leucoplast
(d) mycoplasma
Answer:
(a) sarcoplasm

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

5. ………… is red coloured respiratory pigment of the muscle fibre.
(a) Haemoglobin
(b) Haemocyanin
(c) Myoglobin
(d) phycoerythrin
Answer:
(c) Myoglobin

6. The functional unit of the skeletal muscle is:
(a) fascicle
(b) epimysium
(c) myofibrils
(d) sarcomere
Answer:
(d) sarcomere

7. Contraction of the muscle depends on the presence of contractile proteins such as
(a) actin and troponin
(b) troponin and tropomyosin
(c) myosin and tropomyosin
(d) actin and myosin
Answer:
(d) actin and myosin

8. Sliding filament theory was proposed by:
(a) Huxley and Rolf
(b) Niels Bohr
(c) Max Planck
(d) Bill Nye
Answer:
(a) Huxley and Rolf

9. The secretions in the neuromuscular junction is:
(a) melatonic
(b) acetylcholine
(c) hormones
(d) neurotransmitter
Answer:
(b) acetylcholine

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

10. The skeletal system is derived from the embryonic:
(a) ecotoderm
(b) myotome
(c) mesoderm
(d) endoderm
Answer:
(c) mesoderm

11. The number of facial bones are:
(a) 26
(b) 25
(c) 14
(d) 15
Answer:
(c) 14

12. The appendicular skeleton consists of ………. number of bones
(a) 206
(b) 126
(c) 134
(d) 203
Answer:
(b) 126

13. The cervical vertebra supporting the head is:
(a) axis
(b) Atlas
(c) sacral
(d) lumbar
Answer:
(b) Atlas

14. The ………… pairs of ribs in rib cage are called floating ribs.
(a) 8th and 9th
(b) 10th and 12th
(c) 11th and 12th
(d) first seven pairs
Answer:
(c) 11th and 12th

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

15. The head of the humerus bone articulates with the ………… of the pectoral girdle to form the shoulder joint.
(a) acetabulum
(b) glenoid cavity
(c) orbicularis oris
(d) scapula
Answer:
(b) glenoid cavity

16. The process which is situated at the upper end of the ulna, which forms the pointed portion of the elbow is called:
(a) patella
(b) olecranon process
(c) diaphysis
(d) ischium
Answer:
(b) olecranon process

17. The head of the femur fits into the cavity called:
(a) glenoid fossa
(b) occipital condyle
(c) marrow cavity
(d) acetabulum
Answer:
(d) acetabulum

18. The bone-forming cells are named as:
(a) osteoclasts
(b) Atlas
(c) osteoblasts
(d) mutated cells
Answer:
(c) osteoblasts

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

19. The sutures of the flat skull bones are of ………… type of joints
(a) cartilaginous joints
(b) synovial joints
(c) fibrous joints
(d) saddle joint
Answer:
(c) fibrous joints

20. The joint between the humerus and the pectoral is of ……….. type.
(a) cartilaginous joint
(b) saddle joint
(c) ball and socket joint
(d) pivot joint
Answer:
(c) ball and socket joint

21. Knee joint is of ……….. type of joint.
(a) pivot joint
(b) ball and socket joint
(c) saddle joint
(d) hinge joint
Answer:
(d) hinge joint

22. Carpal tunnel syndrome is mostly seen among:
(a) athlete’s
(b) software professionals
(c) women
(d) weight lifters
Answer:
(b) software professionals

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

23. Muscle fatigue is due to lack of:
(a) acetylcholine
(b) ADP
(c) ATP
(d) Lactic acid
Answer:
(c) ATP

24. Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals is called:
(a) Gout
(b) Muscular atrophy
(c) Tetany
(d) Arthritis
Answer:
(a) Gout

25. ………… exercises keep the circulatory system healthy and improve overall fitness.
(a) Endurance
(b) Balance
(c) Strength
(d) Flexibility
Answer:
(a) Endurance

26. ………… is applied to study skeletal muscle physiology, anatomy and pathology.
(a) Diffusion tensor imaging
(b) Lithotripsy
(c) Angioplasty
(d) Computed tomography.
Answer:
(a) Diffusion tensor imaging

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

27. Match the correct pair.

(i) Cranium (a) 12
(ii) Facial bones (b) 5
(iii) Thoracic vertebra (c) 8
(iv) Lumbar vertebra (d) 7
(v) Tarsal bones (e) 14

(a) (i)-(c), (ii)-(e), (iii)-(a); (iv)-(b), (v)-(d)
(b) (i)-(e), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(a), (v)-(d)
(c) (i)-(d), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(a), (v)-(c)
(d) (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(d), (v)-(a)
Answer:
(a) (i)-(c), (ii)-(e), (iii)-(a); (iv)-(b), (v)-(d)

28. Match:

(i) Muscle contraction (a) cockroach
(ii) Exoskeleton (b) Man
(iii) Endoskeleton (c) Skull
(iv) Axial skeleton (d) CNS
(v) Foramen magnum (e) 80 bones

(a) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(e), (v)-(c)
(b) (i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(e), (v)-(a)
(c) (i)-(e), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a), (v)-(b)
(d) (i)-(d), (ii)-(e), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(a), (v)-(c)
Answer:
(a) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(e), (v)-(c)

TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement

29. Match:

(i) Pivot joints (a) Knee joints
(ii) Gliding joints (b) Between Atlas and axis
(iii) Hinge joints (c) Between humems and pectoral girdle
(iv) Saddle joints (d) Between carpals
(v) Ball and socket (e) Between carpals and joint metacarpals

(a) (i)-(b), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(c), (v)-(e)
(b) (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(a), (v)-(b)
(c) (i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(e), (v)-(c)
(d) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(e), (v)-(d)
Answer:
(c) (i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(e), (v)-(c)