TN Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 11 Chemical Coordination and Integration

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TN State Board 11th Bio Zoology Important Questions Chapter 11 Chemical Coordination and Integration

Answer the following.

Question 1.
What are hormones?
Answer:
Hormones (hormone means to excite) are chemical messengers released into the blood and circulated as chemical signals and act specifically on certain organs or tissues called target organs Or target tissues.

Question 2.
Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands remain in the blood or destroyed?
Answer:
The hormones secreted do not remain permanently in the blood but are converted by the liver into inactive compounds and excreted by the kidneys.

Question 3.
Differentiate Exo and endocrine glands for example.
Answer:

Exocrine gland	Endocrine gland
The exocrine glands secrete enzymes, saliva, and sweat and have ducts that carry their substances to the membrane surfaces.	The endocrine glands, called ductless glands produce hormones and lack ducts; they release their hormone to the surrounding tissue fluid. The hormones circulate around the body and eventually reach the target organs.
eg: salivary gland and gastric gland.	eg: Pituitary, thyroid.

Question 4.
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
Answer:
Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, blood pressure, body temperature, the cardio and fluid-electrolyte balance of the body. As part of the limbic system, it influences various emotional responses.

Question 5.
List out the names of hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary?
Answer:
The anterior lobe of the pituitary secretes six tropic hormones like growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), luteotropic hormone (LTH).

Question 6.
Write the functions of growth hormones.
Answer:
Growth hormone (GH) is also known as somatotropic hormone (STH) or Somatotropin.

1. Growth hormone promotes the growth of all the tissues and metabolic processes of the body.
2. It influences the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids and increases the rate of protein biosynthesis in the cells.
3. It stimulates chondrogenesis (cartilage formation), osteogenesis (bone formation) and helps in the retention of minerals like nitrogen, potassium,
   phosphorus, sodium, etc., in the body.
4. GH increases the release of fatty acid from adipose tissue and decreases the rate of glucose utilization for energy by the cells.
5. Thus it conserves glucose for glucose-dependent tissues, such as the brain.

Question 7.
Write the negative feedback system operated in TSH.
Answer:
TSH is a glycoprotein hormone, which stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). TSH secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. Its release from the anterior pituitary is induced by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). When thyroxine levels in the blood increase, TRH acts on both the pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit TSH secretion.

Question 8.
Show how ACTH secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism.
Answer:
ACTH is a peptide hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. It stimulates melanin synthesis in melanocytes, induces the release of fatty acids from adipose tissues, and stimulates insulin secretion. ACTH secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism.

Question 9.
What are the functions of FSH over gonads?
Answer:
Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH is a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the functions of the gonads (ovary and testis). In males, FSH along with androgens acts on the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules and stimulates the production and release of sperms (spermatogenesis). In females, FSH acts on the ovaries and brings about the development and maturation of graffian follicles.

Question 10.
Write the impact of LH in both males and females?
Answer:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein hormone which is also known as interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH). In males, ICSH acts on the interstitial cells of the testis to produce the male sex hormone, testosterone. In females, LH; along with FSH matures the ovarian follicles. LH independently induces ovulation, maintains the corpus luteum, and promotes synthesis and release of ovarian hormones. FSH and LH are collectively referred to as gonadotropins. FSH and LH are not produced during childhood. The secretion of FSH and LH starts only during the prepubertal period.

Question 11.
When the LTH have more impact on females? Why this hormone is named so?
Answer:
Luteotropic hormone (LTH) is also called luteotropin or lactogenic hormone or prolactin or mammotropin. It is a protein hormone that stimulates milk secretion after childbirth in females. High prolactin secretion during lactation suppresses LH secretion and ovulation since it induces the corpus luteum hence named as luteo tropic hormone.

Question 12.
Why ADH is called antidiuretic hormone? What is the condition if this secretion is less?
Answer:
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone that promotes reabsorption of water and electrolytes by distal tubules of the nephron and thereby reduces loss of water through urine. Hence it is called an antidiuretic hormone. It also causes constriction of blood vessels when released in large amounts and increases blood pressure. ADH deficiency causes Diabetes insipidus which induces the production of a large amount of urine.

Question 13.
Which hormone is called “rapid birth hormone”? Why? What are its functions?’
Answer:
Oxytocin (means quick birth) is a peptide hormone that stimulates vigorous contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus during child birth and ejection of milk from the mammary glands.

Question 14.
Name some Glycoprotein hormones.
Answer:

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone.
2. Follicle-stimulating hormone.
3. Luteinizing hormone.

Question 15.
Name some peptide hormones.
Answer:

1. Growth hormone.
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
3. Vasopressin.

Question 16.
What are the two amino acids in a sequence which make such a difference in the action of oxytocin and vasopressin?
Answer:

1. Phenylalanine and Arginine in vasopressin.
2. Isoleucine and Leucine in oxytocin.

Question 17.
How light has its effect on the production of melatonin?
Answer:
Melatonin is secreted at night, Light falling on the retina of the eye decreases melatonin production.

Question 18.
Define circadian rhythm?
Answer:
Circadian rhythm is the 24-hour cycle of biological activities associated with natural periods of light and darkness. Example sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, appetite, etc.

Question 19.
Name the three hormones of the thyroid gland?
Answer:
The follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete two hormones namely tri-iodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine or tetra-iodothyronine (T₄). The parafollicular cells or ‘C’ cells of the thyroid gland secrete a hormone called thyrocalcitonin.

Question 20.
What are the different functions of thyroxine?
Answer:
Thyroxine regulates the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body heat production. It stimulates protein synthesis and promotes growth. It is essential for the development of the skeletal and nervous systems. Thyroxine plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. It reduces serum cholesterol levels, Optimum levels of thyroxine in the blood are necessary for gonadial functions.

Question 21.
Mention the functions of thyrocalcitonin?
Answer:
TCT is a polypeptide hormone, which regulates blood calcium and phosphate levels. It reduces the blood calcium level and opposes the effects of the parathyroid hormone.

Question 22.
What are the two types of cells in the parathyroid gland? What are its functions?
Answer:
The parathyroid gland is composed of two types of cells, the chief cells, and oxyphil cells. The chief cells secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the functions of oxyphil cells are not known.

Question 23.
Write about the requirement of iodine in the formation of thyroxine hormone?
Answer:
To produce normal quantities of thyroxine, about 1 mg/Week of iodine is required. To prevent iodine deficiency common table salt is iodized with 1 part sodium iodide to every 1,00,000 parts of sodium chloride.

Question 24.
Which hormone is called “hypercalcemic hormone”? Why?
Answer:
The secretion of PTH is controlled by calcium levels in the blood. It increases the blood calcium level by stimulating osteoclasts to dissolve the bone matrix. As result calcium and phosphate are released into the blood. PTH enhances the reabsorption of calcium and excretion of ‘phosphates by the renal tubules and promotes activation of vitamin D to increase calcium absorption by intestinal mucosal cells.

Question 25.
Write the names of four hormones of the thymus gland.
Answer:
The thymus gland secretes four hormones such as thymulin, thymosin, thymopoietin, and thymic humoral factor.

Question 26.
What is the primary function of the thymus? How much it is important to humans?
Answer:

1. The primary function of the thymus is the production of immunocompetent TV lymphocytes which provide cell-mediated immunity.
2. Due to degeneration of the thymus gland, thymosin level decreases, as a result, the immunity of old age people becomes weak and causes sickness.

Question 27.
Write the three zones of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland.
Answer:
Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, and Zona reticularis.

Question 28.
Which part of the pancreas is endocrine in nature? What are the types of cells present there and write its functions also?
Answer:
The islets of Langerhans secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon. The human pancreas has one to two million islets of langerhans.
In each islet about 60% of cells are beta cells, 25% cells are alpha cells and 10% cells are delta cells. The alpha cells secrete glucagon, the beta cells secrete insulin and delta cells secrete somatostatin.

Question 29.
What are the functions of glucocorticoids?
Answer:
Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis (the life-saving activity). Cortisol is a glucocorticoid involved in maintaining cardiovascular and kidney functions. It produces anti-inflammatory reactions and suppresses the immune response. It stimulates RBC production. It is also known as the stress combat hormone.

Question 30.
What are the functions of mineralocorticoids?
Answer:
Mineralocorticoids regulate the water and electrolyte balance of our bodies. Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium and water and eliminates potassium and phosphate ions through excretion, thus it helps in maintaining electrolytes, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure. Adrenal androgen plays a role in hair growth in the axial region, pubis, and face during puberty.

Question 31.
How can we say insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone?
Answer:
Insulin is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. It’s main effect is to lower blood glucose levels by increasing the uptake of glucose into the body cells, especially muscle and fat cells. Insulin also inhibits the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, the conversion of amino acids or fats to glucose, so insulin is rightly called a hypoglycemic hormone.

Question 32.
Why insulin is given as an injection to diabetic patients and not by oral consumption?
Answer:
Because these are digested by digestive enzymes.

Question 33.
Define the following terms.
Answer:
(i) Glygogenolysis, (ii) Gluconeogenesis.

1. Glucagon is a potent hyperglycaemic hormone that acts on the liver and promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose (Glygogenolysis).
2. Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and from non-carbohydrate molecules (gluconeogenesis).

Question 34.
Write the functions of testosterone?
Answer:
Under the influence of FSH and LH, testosterone initiates maturation of male reproductive organs, and the appearance of secondary sexual characters, muscular growth, growth of facial and axillary hair, masculine voice, and male sexual behavior.
It enhances the total bone matrix and plays a stimulating role in the process of spermatogenesis.

Question 35.
What is the function of the female hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone?
Answer:
Oestrogen is responsible for the maturation of reproductive organs and the development of secondary sexual characters at puberty. Along with progesterone, oestrogens promote breast development and initiate cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle.
Progesterone prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum. It decreases uterine contraction during pregnancy and stimulates the development of mammary glands and milk secretion. It is responsible for premenstrual changes in the uterus and is essential for the formation of the placenta.

Question 36.
Why myxoedema is caused? What are its symptoms?
Answer:
Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults causes myxoedema. It is otherwise called Gull’s disease. This disease is characterized by decreased mental activity, memory loss, slowness of movement, speech, and general weakness of body, dry coarse skin, scarce hair, puffy appearance, disturbed sexual function, low BMR, poor appetite, and subnormal body temperature.

Question 37.
What is the other name for Grave’s disease? Why it is caused? What are the symptoms of Grave’s disease?
Answer:
Grave’s disease also called thyrotoxicosis or exophthalmic goiter. This disease is caused due to hypersecretion of the thyroid. It is characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, increased BMR (50% – 100%), elevated respiratory and excretory rates, increased heartbeat, high BP, increased body temperature, protrusion of the eyeball, and weakness of eye muscles, and weight loss.

Question 38.
Differentiate exophthalmic goitre from endemic goitre.
Answer:

Exophthalmic goitre	Endemic goitre
This disease is caused due to hypersecretion of the thyroid.	It is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxine.
Increased BMR. elevated respiratory and excretory rates.	Fall in serum thyroxine level increased TSH secretion.

Question 39.
What is tetany? Why is it caused? What are its symptoms?
Answer:
Tetany is caused due to the hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Due to hyposecretion of PTH serum calcium level decreases (Hypocalcemia), as a result, serum phosphate level increases. Calcium and phosphate excretion levels decrease. Generalized convulsion, locking of jaws increased heartbeat rate, increased body temperature, muscular spasm are the major symptoms of tetany.

Question 40.
What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
Answer:
Demineralization of bone, cyst formation, softening of bone, loss of muscle tone, general weakness, renal disorders are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism.

Question 41.
What are the symptoms of Addison’s disease? Why is it caused?
Answer:
Addison’s disease is caused due to hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. Muscular weakness, low BP., loss of appetite, vomiting, hyperpigmentation of the skin, low metabolic rate, subnormal temperature, reduced blood volume, weight loss are the symptoms that occur in Addison’s disease. Reduced aldosterone secretion increases urinary excretion of NaCl. and water and decreases potassium excretion leading to dehydration.

Question 42.
Write the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome.
Answer:
Obesity of the face and trunk, redness of the face, hand, feet, thin skin, excessive hair growth, loss of minerals from bone (osteoporosis) systolic hypertension are features of Cushing’s syndrome. Suppression of sexual function like atrophy of gonads is the other symptom of Cushing’s Syndrome.

Question 43.
What will be the effect of consuming synthetic soft drinks?
Answer:
The branded soft drinks damage our endocrine system. While consuming soft drinks, the sugar level increases in the blood which leads to elevated insulin secretion to reduce the blood glucose level. The elevated insulin level diminishes immunity and causes obesity, cardiovascular disorders, etc.

Question 44.
What are the effects of consuming alcohol in due course?
Answer:
Alcohol consumption has a widespread effect on the endocrine system. Alcohol impairs the regulation of blood glucose levels, reduces testosterone levels and increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 45.
Write the characteristic features, of the peptide hormones?
Answer:
Peptide hormones cannot cross the phospholipid cell membrane and bind to the receptors on the exterior cell surface. They are being transported to the Golgi, which is the site of modification. It acts as a first messenger in the cell. Hormones on binding to their receptors do not enter the target cell but generate the production of second messengers such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), which in turn regulates cellular metabolism. This is catalyzed by the enzyme adenylate cyclase. The interaction between the hormone at the surface and the effect brought out by cAMP within the cell is known as a signaling cascade. At each step, there is a possibility of amplification.

1. One hormone molecule may bind to multiple receptor molecules before it is degraded.
2. Each receptor may activate several adenylate cyclases each of which make much c AMP.
3. Thus there is more signal after each step. The actions of cAMP are terminated by phosphodiesterases.

The effect of peptide hormones like insulin, glucagon, somatotropin is usually short-lived. because they work through a second messenger system.

Question 46.
Give an account on steroid hormones?
Answer:
Steroid hormones can easily cross the cell membrane and bind to their receptors, which are intracellular or intranuclear. Upon binding to the receptors, they pair up with another receptor – hormone complex (dimerize). This dimer tan then binds to DNA and alters its transcription. The effect of steroid hormones t such as aldosterone, oestrogen, FSH is long-lived, as they alter the amount of mRNA and protein in a cell.

Question 47.
Brief the characters of ammo acid-derived hormones?
Answer:
Amino acid-derived hormones are derived from one or two amino acids with a few additional modifications. Thyroid hormone is synthesized from tyrosine and includes the addition of several iodine atoms. Epinephrine an amino acid derivative may function through the second messenger system like peptide hormones or they may actually enter the cell and function like steroid hormones.

Question 48.
Why steroid component drugs be avoided?
Answer:
The abuse of anabolic steroids can cause serious health problems like high BP, heart diseases, liver damage, cancer, stroke, and blood clots. Other side effects of steroid use include nausea, vomiting, ligament and tendon injuries, headache, joint pain, muscle cramps, diarrhea, sleep problem etc.

Question 49.
Define BMR?
Answer:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the amount of energy needed to keep the body at rest.

Question 50.
Why adrenalin and noradrenalin are called catecholamines?
Answer:
Naturally occurring amines that function as neurotransmitters. They are characterized by a catechol group in which an amine group is attached, eg: Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 51.
What is the Limbic system?
Answer:
It is a collection of special Structures located in the. middle of the brain. lt is also known as the paleomammalian brain. It controls emotions, behavior motivation of long-term memory, and olfaction.

Question 52.
Define acidosis.
Answer:
A condition characterized by lower blood pH, due to the increase of keto acids (ketosis).

Question 53.
What are the bright future opportunities for endocrinologists?
Answer:
An endocrinology career is a medical career that involves studying hormones and their effects on the human body. They investigate and find new ways Of treatment of hormonal imbalance. Just like doctors endocrinologists speak with patients about their medical history and share current findings. They also study the test result of patients and advise them for treatment.

Question 54.
Write any five hypos and hyperactivity, of the endocrine gland and its related disorders.
Answer:
Dwarfism, gigantism acromegaly cretinism, and myxodema.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of the following pair is exclusive endocrine gland:
(a) Thyroid and parathyroid
(b) Hypothalamus and pituitary
(c) Thymus and heart
(d) Thyroid and pancreas
Answer:
(a) Thyroid and parathyroid

2. Which is considered as a neuroendocrine gland?
(a) Thymus
(b) Pineal gland
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) gastro intestinal tract
Answer:
(c) Hypothalamus

3. Choose the correct partial, endocrine gland
(a) Placenta
(b) Pineal body
(c) Pituitary
(d) Parathyroid
Answer:
(a) Placenta

4. The posterior pituitary is connected with the hypothalamus by a nerve bundle called:
(a) Hypophyseal portal system
(b) Dendrites of the neurohypophysis
(c) Axons of neurphypophysis
(d) Hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis.
Answer:
(d) Hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis.

5. The pituitary gland is located in:
(a) Rathke’s pouch
(b) Sella turcica
(c) Behind the third ventride of the brain
(d) Just above the heart
Answer:
(b) Sella turcica

6. Pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamic region of the brain by a stalk called:
(a) Isthmus
(b) Infundibulum
(c) Optic chiasma
(d) Mamillary body
Answer:
(b) Infundibulum

7. The anterior lobe of the pituitary originates from the embryonic invagination of pharyngeal epithelium called:
(a) Pharyngeal pouches
(b) Sella turcica
(c) Acinus
(d) Rathke’s pouch
Answer:
(d) Rathke’s pouch

8. The anterior lobe of pituitary secret …………. hormone in lower animals only
(a) Oxytocin
(b) Melanocyte stimulating hormone
(c) Antidiuretic hormone
(d) Leuteotrophic hormone
Answer:
(b) Melanocyte stimulating hormone

9. The function of melanocyte-stimulating hormone is:
(a) Stimulates cartilage formation
(b) Induces ovulation
(c) Induces pigmentation in the skin
(d) Stimulates insulin secretion
Answer:
(c) Induces pigmentation in the skin

10. Adrenricorticotrophic hormone secretion is regulated by:
(a) Stimulation
(b) Negative feedback system
(c) Neurotransmitters
(d) Blood
Answer:
(b) Negative feedback system

11. ………… hormone is otherwise called antidiuretic hormone.
(a) Oxytocin
(b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
(c) ACTH
(d) Vasopressin
Answer:
(d) Vasopressin

12. ………… gland is commonly called the “Master gland” of the body.
(a) Pineal gland
(b) Thymus
(c) Pituitary gland
(d) Adrenal gland
Answer:
(c) Pituitary gland

13. ………. gland is also called hypothalamus cerebri
(a) Pituitary
(b) Adrenal
(c) Pancreas
(d) Thyroid
Answer:
(a) Pituitary

14. Pineal gland secretes …………. hormone which plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhydim of bur body.
(a) Melanin.
(b) Melatonin
(c) Melanocyte stimulating hormone
(d) Mineralocorticoids
Answer:
(b) Melatonin

15. ………… is the largest endocrine gland of our body.
(a) Adrenal
(b) Gonads
(c) Thyroid
(d) Pancreas
Answer:
(c) Thyroid

16. The two lateral lobes of the thyroid gland is connected by a median tissue mass called:
(a) Acini
(b) adipose tissue
(c) Isthmus
(d) Elastic cartilage
Answer:
(c) Isthmus

17. ………… is essential for the normal synthesis of thyroid hormones.
(a) Calcium
(b) Potassium
(c) Iodine
(d) Magnesium
Answer:
(c) Iodine

18. ………….. is a genetic disease and is not caused by iodine or thyroxine deficiency.
(a) Exophthalmic goitre
(b) Endemic goitre
(c) Simple goitre
(d) Sporadic goitre
Answer:
(d) Sporadic goitre

19. The ……….. cells of parathyroid secretes parathyroid hormone.
(a) Oxyphil cells
(b) cuboidal cells
(c) Chief-cells
(d) Islet cells
Answer:
(c) Chief-cells

20. ……….. hormone is called hypercalcemic hormone.
(a) Thymic humoral factor
(b) Parathormone
(c) Catecholamines
(d) Cortisol
Answer:
(b) Parathormone

21. ………. endocrine glands are called suprarenal glands.
(a) Pineal
(b) Pituitary
(c) Adrenal
(d) Testis
Answer:
(c) Adrenal

22. Which pair is called catecholamines
(a) Thymulin, thymosin
(b) Adrenalin, aldosterone
(c) Adrenalin, noradrenalin
(d) Adrenalin, cortisol
Answer:
(c) Adrenalin, noradrenalin

23. ………. is also known as stress combat hormone.
(a) Aldosterone
(b) Cortisol
(c) Thymopoietin
(d) Insulin
Answer:
(b) Cortisol

24. The secretions of the……… gland is called ‘3F’ hormones.
(a) Adrenal medulla of the adrenal
(b) Pancreatic
(c) Medulla of the kidney
(d) Duodenal
Answer:
(a) Adrenal medulla of the adrenal

25. …………. hormone is called hypoglycemic hormone.
(a) Glucagon
(b) Testosterone
(c) Insulin
(d) Thyroxine
Answer:
(c) Insulin

26. ……….. is called hyperglycemic hormone.
(a) Glucagon
(b) Insulin
(c) Oestrogen
(c) Thyroxine
Answer:
(a) Glucagon

27. The half-life period of insulin in plasma is:
(a) 6 minutes
(b) 8 minutes
(c) 10 minutes
(d) 16 minutes
Answer:
(a) 6 minutes

28. The testis is composed of Leydig cells that secretes several male sex hormones collectively called:
(a) Oestrogen
(b) Progesterone
(c) Androgen
(d) Renin
Answer:
(c) Androgen

29. Formation of RBC is called:
(a) Erythropoiesis
(b) Gluconeogenesis
(c) Immune response
(d) Ossification
Answer:
(a) Erythropoiesis

30. In the heart, cardiocytes on the atrial wall’s secretes an important peptide hormone called
(a) Antidiuretic hormone
(b) Atrial natriuretic factor
(c) Cholecystokinin
(d) Inhibiting hormone
Answer:
(b) Atrial natriuretic factor

31. ………… secreted by the proximal tubules of nephron which promotes calcium and phosphorous absorption from intestine and accelerates bone formation.
(a) Calcitonin
(b) Secretin
(c) Calcitriol
(d) Cholecystokinin
Answer:
(c) Calcitriol

32. Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults will lead to:
(a) Gigantism
(b) myxoedema
(c) Acromegaly
(d) Goitre
Answer:
(c) Acromegaly

33. In infants hypothyroidism causes:
(a) Myxoedema
(b) Cretinism
(c) Tetany
(d) Acromegaly
Answer:
(b) Cretinism

34. Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex leads to:
(a) Addison’s disease
(b) Cushing’s syndrome
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(d) Diabetes insipidus
Answer:
(a) Addison’s disease

35. …………. is known as insulin-dependent diabetes.
(a) Type I
(b) Type II
(c) Type I and II
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Type I

36. Myxodema is otherwise called:
(a) Simple goitre
(b) Addison’s disease
(c) Cretinism
(d) Gull’s disease
Answer:
(d) Gull’s disease

37. Normal blood glucose level before fasting is:
(a) 70 – 110mg/dl
(b) 80 – 120mg/dl
(c) 110- 140mg/dl
(d) 50 – 110mg/dl
Answer:
(a) 70 – 110mg/dl

38. Normal blood glucose level after food is:
(a) 110 – 140mg/dl
(b) 80 – 120mg/dl
(c) 140 – 260mg/dl
(d) 220 – 300mg/dl
Answer:
(a) 110 – 140mg/dl

39. Human insulin is produced artificially by method.
(a) Gene targetting
(b) Integrated DNA technology
(c) Genome editing
(d) Recombinant DNA technology
Answer:
(d) Recombinant DNA technology

40. ……….. is secreted by juxtaglomerular cells which increases blood pressure when angiotensin is formed in blood.
(a) Gastrin
(b) Renin
(c) Secretin
(d) Pepsin
Answer:
(b) Renin