Students get through the TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System which is useful for their exam preparation.

TN State Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Very short answer questions

Question 1.
How primary meristem differs from secondary meristem?
Answer:

Primary Meristem Secondary Meristem
Derived during the embryonic stage. Derived during the later stage of plant development.
Gives rise to primary permanent tissues. Gives rise to cark cambium & inter fascicular cambium.

Question 2.
What are simple tissues? Mention its types.
Answer:
Simple tissues are composed of one type of cells only. The cells are structurally and functionally similar. It is of three types.

  1. Parenchyma,
  2. Collenchyma and
  3. Sclerenchyma

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 3.
Define Idioblasts.
Answer:
Parenchyma cells that store resin, tannins, crystals of calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate are called idioblasts.

Question 4.
Mention a few places in plants where collenchyma cells can be observed?
Answer:
Hypodermis of dicot stem, petiole, pedicle.

Question 5.
Classify collenchyma based on cell wall pectinisation.
Answer:
Angular collenchyma, lacunar collenchyma, lamellar collenchyma, Annular collenchyma.

Question 6.
What are Bone cells? Give an example.
Answer:
Rod-shaped sclereids with dilated ends are called bone cells or Osteosclereids.
Example: Seed coat of Pisum.

Question 7.
Fibres are supporting tissues. Justify.
Answer:
Fibres provide mechanical strength and support and protect the plants from strong winds. Hence fibres are called supporting tissues.

Question 8.
Define Wood fibres.
Answer:
Wood Fibres: These fibres are associated with the secondary xylem tissue. They are also called xylary fibres. These fibres are derived from the vascular cambium.

Question 9.
What are Bast fibres?
Answer:
Bast fibres or Extra Xylary Fibres: These fibres are present in the phloem. Natural Bast fibres are strong and cellulosic. Fibres obtaining from the phloem or outer bark of jute, kenaf, flax and hemp plants. The so-called pericyclic fibres are actually phloem fibres.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 10.
Write a note on surface fibres.
Answer:
Surface fibres are produced from the surface of the plant organiser Cotton and silk cotton are examples. They occur in the test of seeds.

Question 11.
Define Complex tissue & mention its types.
Answer:
A complex tissue is a tissue with several types of cells but all of them function together as a single unit. It is of two types – xylem and phloem.

Question 12.
What do you understand by Centrarch Xylem?
Answer:
Protoxylem is located in the centre surrounded by the metaxylem is called Centrarch. In this type, only one vascular strand is developed. Example: Selaginella sp.

Question 13.
State the Xylem elements.
Answer:
Xylem consists of Four Types of Cells:

  1. Tracheids
  2. Vessels or Trachea
  3. Xylem Parenchyma and
  4. Xylem Fibres.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 14.
What is the relation between Haberlandt & complex tissue?
Answer:
Haberlandt in 1914 used the term Leptome for phloem and hadrome for xylem.

Question 15.
When do you call the perforation plate in vessels as simple?
Answer:
In vessels, due to the dissolution of the entire cell wall, a single pore is formed at the perforation plate. Such a perforation is called a simple perforation plate. Example: Mangifera.

Question 16.
Draw the annular and reticulate types of secondary wall thickening in tracheids.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 1

Question 17.
Where fibre-tracheids can be seen?
Answer:
Between fibres and normal tracheids, there are many transitional forms that are neither typical fibres nor typical tracheids. The transitional types are designated as fibre-tracheids.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 18.
What are axial parenchyma & Ray parenchyma?
Answer:
Parenchyma arranged longitudinally along the long axis is called axial parenchyma. Ray parenchyma is arranged in radial rows.

Question 19.
Mention the components of Phloem.
Answer:
Phloem consists of Four Types of Cells:

  1. Sieve elements,
  2. Companion cells
  3. Phloem parenchyma and
  4. Phloem fibres

Question 20.
Companion cells are absent in which groups of plants?
Answer:
Gymnosperms and angiospenns.

Question 21.
Write a brief note on Bast fibres.
Answer:
The fibres of sclerenchyma associated with phloem are called phloem fibres or bast fibres. They are narrow, vertically elongated cells with very thick walls and a small lumen. Among the four phloem elements, phloem fibres are the only dead tissue. These are the strengthening as well as supporting cells.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 22.
Define the term Syncyte and give examples.
Answer:
Syncyte: Cell which is formed by fusion of cell is called Syncyte.
Example: Vessels (Dead syncyte), sieve tube (living syncyte).

Question 23.
Mention the cell wall chemicals of parenchyma.
Answer:
Cellulose & Pectin.

Question 24.
Name the three types of tissue system as proponed by Sachs.
Answer:
1. Epidermal tissue system (derived from protoderm), 2. Ground tissue system (derived from ground meristem), 3. Vascular tissue system (derived from procambium).

Question 25.
Mention any two plants having multi seriate epidermis.
Answer:
Ficus & Nerium.

Question 26.
What are passage cells? State its function.
Answer:
The endodermal cells, which are opposite to the protoxylem elements, are thin-walled without Casparian strips. These cells are called passage cells. Their function is to transport water and dissolved salts from the cortex to the protoxylem.

Question 27.
Write a brief note on pericycle.
Answer:
The pericycle is a single or few-layered parenchymatous found inner to the endodermis. It is the outermost layer of the stele. Rarely thick-walled sclerenchymatous. In angiosperms, the pericycle gives rise to lateral roots.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 28.
List out the storage products seen in the medulla.
Answer:
Tannins, Phenols, calcium oxalate crystals, fatty substances, starch.

Question 29.
Draw and label the open vascular bundle.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 2

Question 30.
The vascular bundle of the monocot stem is said to be closed. Why?
Answer:
The vascular bundle of the monocot stem is said to be closed since there is no cambium present between the xylem & phloem.

Question 31.
Define Stele.
Answer:
Stele: All the tissues present inside the endodermis comprise the stele. It includes the pericycle and vascular system.

Question 32.
Where starch sheath is seen? Why it is called so?
Answer:
In the stem, the innermost layer of the cortex is called the endodermis. Since starch grains are abundant in these cells, it is also called a starch sheath. The starch sheath is homologous to the endodermis of the root.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 33.
Define Eustele.
Answer:
In the dicot stem, vascular bundles are arranged in a ring around the pith. This type of stele is called eustele.

Question 34.
What is a Bundle cap?
Answer:
In the stem of the sunflower (Helianthus), a few layers of sclerenchyma cell occur in patches outside the phloem in each vascular bundle. This patch of sclerenchyma cell is called Bundle cap or Hardbast.

Question 35.
Mention the nature of the vascular bundle of the dicot stem.
Answer:
In the dicot stem, the vascular bundle is conjoint, collateral, open & endarch.

Question 36.
What are medullary rays?
Answer:
The pith extends between the vascular bundles. These extensions of the pith between the vascular bundles are called primary pith rays or primary medullary rays.

Question 37.
What are protoxylem lacunae?
Answer:
In the mature vascular bundle of the monocot stem, the lowest protoxylem disintegrates and forms a cavity called a protoxylem lacuna.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 38.
Define mesophyll tissue & mention its types.
Answer:
The ground tissue system that lies between the epidermal layers of leaf is known as mesophyll tissue. Often it is differentiated into palisade parenchyma on the adaxial (upper) side and spongy parenchyma on the abaxial (lower) side.

Question 39.
Mention the functions of palisade & spongy parenchyma.
Answer:
Palisade parenchyma performs photosynthesis spongy parenchyma facilitates gaseous exchange.

Question 40.
Where the respiratory cavity is located?
Answer:
The air space that is found next to the stomata is called the respiratory cavity or substomatal cavity.

Question 41.
What is border parenchyma?
Answer:
In the dicot leaf, vascular bundles are surrounded by a compact layer of parenchymatous cells called bundle sheath or border parenchyma.

Question 42.
What are silica cells?
Answer:
Some of the epidermal cells of the grass are filled with silica. They are called silica cells.

Question 43.
Define Kranz Sheath.
Answer:
In C4 grasses, the bundle sheath cells are living and involve in C4 photosynthesis. This sheath is called Kranz sheath.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 44.
What do you mean by Hydathode?
Answer:
A hydathode is a type of epidermal pore, commonly found in higher plants. Structurally, hydathodes are modified stomata, usually located at leaf tips or margins, especially at the teeth.

Question 45.
Guttation – Explain.
Answer:
Hydathodes discharge liquid water with various dissolved substances from the interior of the leaf to its surface. This process is called guttation. Example many grasses.

Question 46.
Define Halophiles.
Answer:
Plants that grow in the salty environment are called Halophiles.

Short answer questions

Question 1.
Who proposed the Tunica-Corpus theory? Add a note on it.
Answer:
Tunica-Corpus theory is proposed by A. Schmidt (1924). Two zones of tissues are found in the apical meristem.

  1. The tunica: It is the peripheral zone of the shoot apex, that forms the epidermis.
  2. The corpus: It is the inner zone of the shoot apex, that forms the cortex and stele of the shoot.

Question 2.
Histogen theory of Stem. Explain.
Answer:
Histogen theory is proposed by Hanstein (1868) and supported by Strassburger. The shoot apex comprises three distinct zones.

  1. Dermatogen: It is a outermost layer. It gives rise to the epidermis.
  2. Periblem: It is a middle layer. It gives rise to the cortex.
  3. Plerome: It is the innermost layer. It gives rise to stele.

Question 3.
Explain briefly Korper Kappe theory.
Answer:
Korper Kappe theory is proposed by Schuepp. There are two zones in the root apex:

  1. The Korper zone forms the body.
  2. Kappe zone forms the cap. This theory is equivalent to the tunica corpus theory of shoot apex. The two divisions are distinguished by the type of T (also called Y divisions). Korper is characterised by inverted T divisions and kappe by straight T divisions.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 4.
Write a note on the Quiescent centre concept.
Answer:
The quiescent centre concept was proposed by Clowes (1961) to explain root apical meristem activity. This centre is located between the root cap and differentiating cells of the roots. The apparently inactive region of cells in the root promeristem is called the quiescent centre. It is the site of hormone synthesis and also the ultimate source of all meristematic cells of the meristem.

Question 5.
Enumerate the functions of parenchyma.
Answer:
Parenchyma may store various types of materials like water, air, ergastic substances. The turgid parenchyma cells help in giving rigidity to the plant body. Partial conduction of water is also maintained through parenchymatous cells.

Question 6.
How buoyancy is maintained in aquatic plants?
Answer:
In aquatic plants like Nymphae, the parenchyma cells contain air in their intercellular spaces which provides aeration and buoyancy.

Question 7.
Compare angular collenchyma with lacunar collenchyma.
Answer:
Types of Collenchyma

  1. Angular collenchyma: It is the most common type of collenchyma with the irregular arrangement and thickening at the angles where cells meet. Example: Hypodermis of Datura and Nicotiana.
  2. Lacunar collenchyma: The collenchyma cells are irregularly arranged. The cell wall is thickening on the walls bordering intercellular spaces. Example: Hypodermis of Ipomoea.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 8.
Draw and label (a) Branchysclereids, (b) Osteosclereids.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 3

Question 9.
Differentiate between Exarch and Endarch condition.
Answer:

Exarch Xylem Endarch Xylem
In exarch condition, the protoxylem lies towards the periphery & the metaxylem lies towards the centre. In endarch condition, the protoxy­lem lies towards the centre & the meta­xylem lie towards the periphery.
It is seen in roots. It is seen in stems.

Question 10.
Compare primary phloem with secondary phloem.
Answer:

Primary Phloem Secondary Phloem
Primary phloem is derived from procambium. Secondary phloem is derived from vascular phloem.

Question 11.
Point out the angiospermic families that do not possess xylem vessels.
Answer:
Winteraceae, Tetracentraceae and Trochodendraceae are the vesselless angiospermic families.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 12.
Write a short note on Phloem parenchyma.
Answer:
The parenchyma cells associated with the phloem are called phloem parenchyma. These are living cells. They store starch and fats. They also contain resins and tannins in some plants. The primary phloem consists of axial parenchyma and the secondary phloem consists of both axial and ray parenchyma. They are present in Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Dicots.

Question 13.
Classify meristem based on function.
Answer:
Based on function, meristems are classified into 3 types.

  1. Peridenn giving rise to epidermis.
  2. Procambium giving rise to primary vascular tissues.
  3. Ground meristem giving rise to cortex a pitch.

Question 14.
Give an account of the piliferous layer.
Answer:
The outer layer of the root is known as the piliferous layer or epiblema. It is made up of a single layer of parenchyma cells which are arranged compactly without intercellular spaces. It is devoid of epidermal pores and cuticle. Root hair is always single-celled, it absorbs water and mineral salts from the soil. Another important function of the piliferous layer is protection.

Question 15.
What are bulliform cells? How it helps the plants?
Answer:
In leaves, some cells of the upper epidermis (Example: Grasses) are larger and thin-walled. They are called bulliform cells or motor cells. These cells are helpful for the rolling and unrolling of the leaf according to the weather change.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 16.
Draw the stoma with a dumb-bell shaped guard cell.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 4

Question 17.
Define Trichoblasts.
Answer:
The Piliferous layer of the root has two types of epidermal cells, long cells and short cells.’ The short cells are called trichoblasts. Trichoblasts are elongate into root hairs.

Question 18.
What are Prickles? Mention its benefit to plants.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 5
(a) Prickles: Prickles, are one type of epidermal emergences with no vascular supply. They are stiff and sharp in appearance. (Example: Rose), (b) Prickles also provide protection against animals and they also check excessive transpiration.

Question 19.
Distinguish between Extrasteiar & Intrastelar ground tissue.
Answer:

Extrastellar Ground Tissue Intrastelar Ground Tissue
Ground tissues present outside to the stele is called Extrasteiar ground tissue. Example: Cortex Ground tissue present inside the stele is called Intrastelar ground tissue. Example: Pericycle, Medullary rays. Pith

Question 20.
Define Pith.
Answer:
The central part of the ground tissue is known as the pith or medulla. Generally, this is made up of thin-walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces. The cells in the pith generally store starch, fatty substances, tannins, phenols, calcium oxalate crystals, etc.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 21.
Draw & label bicollateral vascular bundle.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 6

Question 22.
What are Casparian strips?
Answer:
The radial and the inner tangential walls of endodermal cells are thickened with suberin and lignin. This thickening was first noted by Robert Caspary in 1965. So these thickenings are called Casparian strips.

Question 23.
Differentiate between Protoxylem & Metaxylem.
Answer:

Proto xylem Meta xylem
First formed primary xylem. Later formed primary xylem.
Found in developing organs. Found in developed primary organs.
Elements relatively smaller in size. Elements relatively larger in size.

Question 24.
Draw & label the ground plan of T.S. of Dicot root.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 7

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 25.
What is the role of Casparian strips in roots?
Answer:
The main function of Casparian strips in the endodermal cells is to prevent the re-entry of water into the cortex once water entered the xylem tissue.

Question 26.
State the importance of cambium.
Answer:
Cambium consists of brick-shaped and thin-walled meristematic cells. It is one to four layers in thickness. These cells are capable of forming new cells during secondary growth.

Question 27.
What are dorsiventral leaves? Give an example.
Answer:
In dorsiventral leaves, the mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, the former occurring on the upper side and the latter on the lower side. Example: Sunflower.

Question 28.
What are isobilateral leaves? Give an example.
Answer:
In the isobilateral leaf, palisade is present on both sides of the leaf and in between them, spongy parenchyma is present. Example: Nerium.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 29.
Compare the characters of Palisade parenchyma & spongy parenchyma.
Answer:

Palisade Parenchyma Spongy Parenchyma
Located beneath the upper epidermis. Located beneath palisade parenchyma.
Made up of vertically elongated cylindrical cells. Made up of irregularly shaped cells.
Performs photosynthesis. Performs gaseous exchange.

Long answer questions

Question 1.
Enumerate the characters of meristematic tissue.
Answer:
The characters of meristematic tissues:

  • The meristematic cells are isodiametric and may be, oval, spherical or polygonal in shape.
  • They have generally dense cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus.
  • Generally, the vacuoles in them are either small or absent.
  • Their cell wall is thin, elastic and essentially made up of cellulose.
  • These are the most actively dividing cells.
  • Meristematic cells are self-perpetuating.

Question 2.
Classify meristem based on position with a simplified diagram.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 8

  1. Apical meristem: Present in apices of root and shoot. It is responsible for the increase in the length of the plant, it is called primary growth.
  2. Intercalary meristem: Occurs between the mature tissues. It is responsible for the elongation of internodes.
  3. Lateral meristem: Occurs along the longitudinal axis of stem and root. It is responsible for secondary tissues and the thickening of the stem and root. Example: vascular cambium and cork cambium.
    Different types of meristems

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 3.
Elaborate on the different types of economically important fibres.
Answer:
Economically fibres may be grouped as follows:

  1. Textile Fibres: Fibres utilized for the manufacture of fabrics, netting and cordage etc.
    a. Surface Fibres: Example: Cotton.
    b. Soft Fibres: Example: Flax, Jute and Ramie
    c. Hard fibres: Example: Sisal, Coconut, Pineapple, Abaca etc.
  2. Brush fibre: Fibres utilized for the manufacture of brushes and brooms.
  3. Rough weaving fibres: Fibres utilized in making baskets, chairs, mats etc.
  4. Papermaking fibres: Wood fibres utilized for paper making.
  5. Filling fibres: Fibres used for stuffing cushions, mattresses, pillows, furniture etc. Example: Bombax and Silk cotton.

Question 4.
List out the differences between Meristematic tissue & permanent tissue.
Answer:

Meristematic tissue Permanent tissue
Cells divide repeatedly Do not divide
Cells are undifferentiated Cells are fully differentiated
Cells are small and Isodiametric Cells are variable in shape and size
Intercellular spaces are absent Intercellular spaces are present
Vacuoles are absent Vacuoles are present
Cell walls are thin Cell walls maybe thick or thin
Inorganic inclusions are absent Inorganic inclusions are present

Question 5.
Sieve cells & Sieve tubes both are phloem elements. Yet they differ. How?
Answer:

Sieve cells Sieve tubes
Have no companion cells Have companion cells
The sieve areas do not form sieve plates The sieve areas are confined to sieve plates
The sieve areas are not well differentiated The sieve areas are well differentiated
They are elongated cells and are quite long with tapering end walls They consist of vertical cells placed one above the other forming long tubes connected at the walls by sieve pores
The sieve are smaller and numerous The sieve pores are longer and fewer
Found in Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Found in Angiosperms

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 6.
How tracheids differ from fibres?
Answer:

Tracheids Fibres
Not much elongated Very long cells
Possess oblique end walls Possess tapering end walls
Cell walls are not as thick as Fibres Cell wall are thick and lignified
Possess various types of thickenings Possess only pitted thickenings
Responsible for the conduction and also mechanical support Provide only mechanical support

Question 7.
Point out the functions of the Epidermal tissue system.
Answer:
Functions of Epidermal Tissue System:

  1. This system in the shoot checks excessive loss of water due to the presence of a cuticle.
  2. The epidermis protects the underlying tissues.
  3. Stomata is involved in transpiration and gaseous exchange.
  4. Trichomes are also helpful in the dispersal of seeds and fruits and provide protection against animals.
  5. Prickles also provide protection against animals and they also check excessive transpiration.
  6. In some rose plants, they also help in climbing.
  7. Glandular hairs repel herbivorous animals.

Question 8.
Draw and label the transverse section of the monocot stem.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 9

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 9.
Draw a labelled diagram of T.S. of Dicot leaf.
Answer:
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 10

Question 10.
Differentiate between stoma & hydathode.
Answer:

Stomata Hydathodes
Occur in the epidermis of leaves, young stems. Occur at the tip or margin of leaves that are grown in a moist shady place.
The stomatal aperture is guarded by two guard cells. The aperture of hydathodes is surrounded by a ring of cuticularized cells.
The two guard cells are generally surrounded by subsidiary cell. Subsidiary cells are absent.
The opening and closing of the stomatal aperture are regulated by guard cells. Hydathode pores remain always open.
These are involved in the transpiration and the exchange of gases. These are involved in guttation.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs)

Question 1.
Protoxylem is the first formed Xylem. If the protoxylem is surrounded by phloem what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it? Give an example.
Answer:
If the protoxylem is surrounded by phloem the vascular bundle is said to concentric and amphicribral. Example: Ferns.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 2.
Observe the diagram given below and answer the questions.
(a) Mention the parts A, B, C
(b) Name the part of the plant where we can see this structure more in number.
TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System 11
Answer:
(a) A – Stoma, B – Guard cell and C – Subsidiary cell.
(b) Stomata are seen more in number on the lower epidermis of leaves.

Question 3.
In a Biology practical class, your subject teacher has placed a glass slide showing the transverse section of the dicot stem. State any two possible reasons to call the slide is a T.S of dicot stem.
Answer:
In the dicot stem, the stele is Eustele (he. vascular bundles are arranged in the form of a ring). Presence of endarch xylem and central pith.

Question 4.
While eating pear fruit it is usually seen that some stone-like structures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone-like structures called?
Answer:
The stone-like structures that we feel while eating pear fruit are the branchy sclereids or stone cells which are isodiametric sclereids with the hand cell wall.

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

Question 5.
A certain tissue in a green plant somehow get blocked and the leaves wilted. What was the tissue that got blocked?
Answer:
The tissue that got blocked may be the xylem. It is through the xylem the water and other minerals are transported from root to leaves and other parts. So if the xylem is blocked, the water and mineral supply is stopped, leading to wilting of leaves that eventually may lead to the death of the plant.

Question 6.
The cross-section of a plant material shown the following features on viewing under the microscope.
(a) Radically arranged vascular bundles.
(b) Four xylem arms with protoxylem facing outer side. To which organ should it be
arranged.
Answer:
Dicot roots show radically arranged vascular hurdles with tetrarch and exarch xylem.

Question 7.
Write the precise function of:
(a) Aerenchyma (b) Collenchyma (c) Sieve tube
Answer:
(a) Aerenchyma – Provides buoyancy in aquatic plants.
(b) Collenchyma – Mechanical strength & support.
(c) Sieve tube – Food conduction

Choose the correct answer.

1. The term meristem is coined by
(a) Schmidt
(b) Clowes
(c) Nageli
(d) Schleiden
Answer:
(c) Nageli

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

2. The study of tissues is called as
(a) Anatomy
(b) Cytology
(c) Histology
(d) Embryology
Answer:
(c) Histology

3. Primary growth is the responsibility of meristem.
(a) Apical
(b) Primary
(c) Intercalary
(d) Lateral
Answer:
(a) Apical

4. Identify the mismatch pair:
(i) Nageli – Xylem
(ii) Leptome – Phloem
(iii) Tunica Corpus theory – Hanstein
(iv) Tracheids – Sanio
(a) (i) – only
(b) (iii) – only
(c) Both (i) and (iii)
(d) None
Answer:
(b) (iii) – only

5. Who proposed Korper kappe theory?
(a) Schmidt
(b) Hanstein
(c) Nageli
(d) Schuepp
Answer:
(d) Schuepp

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

6. Parenchyma storing calcium carbonate crystals are called …..
(a) Leucoplasts
(b) Elaioplasts
(c) Idioblasts
(d) Chromoplasts
Answer:
(c) Idioblasts

7. ………. is seen in all organs of plant.
(a) Chlorenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Parenchyma
(d) Collenchyma
Answer:
(c) Parenchyma

8. ………… is absent in roots.
(a) Chlorenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Parenchyma
(d) Collenchyma
Answer:
(d) Collenchyma

9. ………….. sclereids are seen in the seed coat of pisum.
(a) Macro
(b) Osteo
(c) Tricho
(d) Branchy
Answer:
(a) Macro

10. Fibres forming mesocarp of coconut is called as
(a) Surface fibres
(b) Soft fibres
(c) Mesocarp fibres
(d) Septate fibres
Answer: (c) Mesocarp fibres

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

11. ………… is called as Leptome.
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Phloem
(c) Xylem
(d) Fibres
Answer:
(6) Phloem

12. Multiple perforation plate is seen in …………. .
(a) Lepidodendron
(b) Limnophyton
(c) Mangifera
(d) Liriodendron
Answer: (d) Liriodendron

13. ………… species of gymnosperms have vessels.
(a) Cycas
(b) Selaginella
(c) Gnetum
(d) Conifer
Answer:
(c) Gnetum

14. ………. Only living cells among Xylem elements are
(a) Vessels
(b) Tracheids
(c) Xylem Parenchyma
(d) Xylem fibres
Answer: (c) Xylem Parenchyma

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

15. In sieve elements, mature sieve plates are blocked by ………… .
(a) Suberin
(b) Lignin
(c) Callose
(d) Pectin
Answer: (c) Callose

16. Campanion cells are present only in …………. .
(a) Pteridophytes
(b) Angiosperms
(c) Gymnosperms
(d) Dicots
Answer:
(b) Angiosperms

17. Rolling & unrolling of leaves due to whether change are controlled by ………… .
(a) Sensory cells
(b) Motor cells
(c) Subsidory cells
(d) Trichomes
Answer:
(b) Motor cells

18. Sunken stoma is seen in ………. .
(a) Cycas
(b) Nerium
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)

19. Root hairs originated from ………… .
(a) Trichomes
(b) Epidermis
(c) Pericycle
(d) Trichoblasts
Answer:
(d) Trichoblasts

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

20. Which is NOT a part of intrastelar ground tissue?
(a) Pericycle
(b) Medullary ray
(c) Pith
(d) Cortex
Answer:
(d) Cortex

21. Usually ………… form the hypodermis.
(a) Chlorenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Parenchyma
Answer:
(c) Collenchyma

22. In angiosperms, ……….. gives rise to lateral roots.
(a) Pith
(b) Endodermis
(c) Pericycle
(d) Trichoblasts
Answer:
(c) Pericycle

23. In cucurbitaceae, the vascular bundles are
(a) Bicollateral
(b) Collateral closed
(c) Concentric
(d) Radial
Answer:
(a) Bicollateral

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

24. Major function of epiblema is
(a) Transport
(b) Support
(c) Protection
(d) Conduction of food
Answer:
(c) Protection

25. Innermost layer of cortex is
(a) Epiblema
(b) Endodermis
(c) Pericycle
(d) Medullary rays
Answer:
(b) Endodermis

26. In T.S. of bean root, the xylem is
(a) Polyarch
(b) Hexarch
(c) Tetrarch
(d) Wedge shaped
Answer:
(c) Tetrarch

27. Phellogen arises from ……….., in dicot roots.
(a) Endodermis
(b) Piliferous layer
(c) Pericycle
(d) Periderm
Answer:
(c) Pericycle

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

28. Eustele is seen in …………. stem.
(a) Maize
(b) Grass
(c) Paddy
(d) Sunflower
Answer:
(d) Sunflower

29. In monocot stem, the xylem vessels are in the form of ………… .
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) W
(d) +
Answer:
(b) Y

30. Hardbast is composed of …………. .
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
(d) Prosenchyma
Answer:
(c) Sclerenchyma

31. Silica cells seen in epidermis contain
(a) Magnesium
(b) Calcium
(c) Silica
(d) Sand
Answer:
(c) Silica

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

32. Guttation occurs through
(a) Stomata
(b) Lenticles
(c) Cuticle
(d) Hydathodes
Answer:
(d) Hydathodes

33. Kranz sheath in granes perform photosynthesis.
(a) C3
(b) C4
(c) C2
(d) C12
Answer:
(b) C12

34. Halophiles survive in environment.
(a) Dry
(b) Aquatic
(c) Saline
(d) Cold
Answer:
(c) Saline

35. Who coined the term Hadrome?
(a) Hanstein
(b) Nageli
(c) Hofmeister
(d) Haberlandt
Answer:
(d) Haberlandt

TN Board 11th Bio Botany Important Questions Chapter 9 Tissue and Tissue System

36. Match the following:

(a) Dermatogen (0 Cortex
Cb) Periblem (ii) Root cap
(c) Plerome (iii) Stele
id) Calyptrogen (iv) Epidermis

(a) a – iii, b – ii, c – iv, d – i
(b) a – iv, b – i, c – iii, d – ii
(c) a – i, b – iii, c – ii, d – iv
(d) a – iv, b – ii, c – i, d – iii
Answer:
(b) a – iv, b – i, c – iii, d – ii