Category: Class 11

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Guide Pdf Poem 4 Macavity – The Mystery Cat Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem 4 Macavity – The Mystery Cat

11th English Guide Macavity – The Mystery Cat Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence or two:

Question i.
What is Macavity’s nickname?
Answer:
Macavity’s nickname is “ Hidden Paw”.

Question ii.
Why is the flying squad frustrated?
Answer:
Macavity is too clever to leave any evidence of his guilt. He is a puzzle for the flying squad who is specialized in investigating the crime. So the flying squad is frustrated.

Question iii.
Which law does Macavity break?
Answer:
Macavity breaks human law and also the law of gravity.

Question iv.
What makes the fakir stare in wonder?
Answer:
Macavity’s levitation is so powerful that it causes a fakir to stare bewildered.

Question v.
Describe Macavity’s appearance.
Answer:
Macavity is veiy tall and slim. His eyes are sunken. His brow is deeply lined. His head is highly domed. His coat is dusty and whiskers unkempt.

Question vi.
Where can you encounter Macavity?
Answer:
We can encounter Macavity in a by-street or in the square.

Question vii.
Why does the poet say Macavity is ‘outwardly’ respectable?
Answer:
The poet says that Macavity is respectable ‘outwardly’ because all his stealthy, criminal activities betray his vile nature.

Question viii.
Who does the secret service suspect when a loss is reported?
Answer:
The secret service suspects Macavity when a loss is reported.

Question ix.
What is Macavity expected to be doing after committing a crime?
Answer:
Mungojerrie and Griddlebone are examples of wicked cats.

Question x.
Mention any two qualities of Macavity.
Answer:
Macavity possesses supernatural powers which allow him to levitate up in the air. He is so confident in his manner that whenever the crime is discovered, he disappears without leaving a single trace.

Question xi.
Which two characters does the poet refer to as examples of wicked cats?
Answer:
Macavity is too clever to be caught and he is nowhere near at the crime spot. He is an enigmatic figure to even the specialized detective agencies.

Question xii.
Why is Macavity called the napoleon of crime’?
Answer:
Napoleon of crime means the commanding leader of criminals. Here the Macavity is the commanding leader for other wicked cats (Mungojerrie and Griddle bone). So Macavity is called the ‘Napoleon of crime’.

B) Read the poem and complete the summary using the words given in the box:

‘Macavity — The Mystery Cat’ is a humorous poem, where the poet T.S. Eliot describes the mysterious (a) _______ of a shrewd vile cat. He commits a crime at every possible opportunity. He is an elusive master (b) _______ who leaves no evidence after he commits a crime. Even the Scotland Yard, the London (c) _______ agency is unable to arrest him. The Flying Squad is (d) ________ because every time they rush to the crime spot to seize Macavity, he is not there. He breaks the human law as well as the law of (e) _______. He baffles even a (f) ________ with his powers of levitation. Macavity appears tall and thin with (g) _______ eyes. He is always preoccupied with some serious (h) _______. His coat is dusty and his (j) _______are unkempt. Macavity is a (j) ________ in the guise of a cat. He appears to be outwardly (k) _________ but his actions disprove it. Macavity loots the (l) _______, ransacks the jewel-case, and breaks the (m) _______ glass but the wonder of wonders he is not to be found anywhere there. He is always a mile away from the scene of the crime, happily relaxing or doing difficult (n) ____________ sums. He is clever at making up an (o) _______ every time he plots a crime. All the notorious cats are nothing but the (p) ________ of Macavity, the Napoleon of Crime.

Answers:
(a) Qualities
(b) Criminal
(c) Detective
(d) Desperate
(e) Gravity
(f) Fakir
(g) Sunken
(h) Thought
(i) Whiskers
(j) Devil
(k) Respectable
(l) Larder
(m) Greenhouse
(n) Division
(o) Alibi
(p) Agents

Paragraph:

1. What are the mysterious ways in which Macavity acts?
2. Describe the appearances and qualities of Macavity?

In T.S Eliot’s poem, ‘Macavity: The mystery cat, he describes the mysterious qualities of a cat of villainous characters.

‘Macavity’s a ginger cat, he’s very tall and thin:
Macavity is a tall and thin cat who is always up to some crime. He is too clever to leave any evidence of his guilt.

“He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the flying squad’s despair”:
He is an enigma to every detective agency in the world including. Scotland Yard and flying squad who are specialized investigating crime.

“It must have been Macavity! But he’s a mile away”:
There is never enough proof to arrest and he’s a mile away from all crime spots.

“He’s broken every human law; he breaks the law of gravity”:
Not only does he breaks the human law but also breaks the law of gravity.

“His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly domed”
His coat is dusty from neglect, his whiskers are uncombed.
He always moves his head from side to side, with movements like a snake.

His brows are deeply lining as a result of continuous planning of the crime. Macavity has sunken eyes and “his head is highly domed”. He never combs his whiskers His movements resemble that of a snake. He spends his time plotting for the criminal acts and how to carry them out. The poet accuses, Macavity of his behaviour, such as stealing milk but also holds him responsible for major crimes.

‘For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity’:
The cat is a devil in disguise and he is a monster of wickedness. He has been suspected of stifling Pekes, Vandalism, theft, cheating of cards, and spying. He has also controlled an organized crime with Mungojerrie, Griddle Bone among the members. So the poet says that all the notorious cats are nothing but the agents of Macavity, the Napoleon of crime.

“Are nothing more than agents for the cats who all the time Just controls their operator’s the Napoleon of Crime”?

Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow:

i) Macavity’s a Mystery Cat: he’s called the Hidden Paw.

Question a.
Does the poet talk about a real cat?
Answer:
No, the poet talks about an imaginary character.

Question b.
Why is he called the Hidden Paw?
Answer:
He is called the Hidden Paw as he is the criminal mastermind who disregards the law.

ii) He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad’s despair:
For when they reach the scene of crime Macavity s not there!

Question a.
What is ‘Scotland yard’?
Answer:
Scotland Yard is the world-famous headquarters of the London metropolitan police service known for quick investigation of crime and nabbing the criminal in record time.

Question b.
Why does the flying squad feel disappointed?
Answer:
Macavity is too clever to be caught and he is nowhere near at the crime spot. So the flying squad feels disappointed.

iii) He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake; And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake…

Question a.
Explain the comparison made here.
Answer:
Macavity moves his head from side to side and his body movement is compared to a snake.

Question b.
What does he pretend to do?
Answer:
He pretends to be asleep.

iv) For he’s a fiend in feline shape.
A monster of depravity.

Question a.
How is the cat described in this line?
Answer:
The cat is a devil in disguise of a cat.

Question b.
Explain the phrase ‘monster depravity’
Answer:
‘Monster of depravity’ means he is a monster of wickedness.

v) And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland yard’s

Question a.
What seems to be a challenge for the Scotland yard?
Answer:
Macavity s footprints are never to be found in any file of the Scotland yard’s.

Question b.
Why do they need his footprints?
Answer:
They need his footprints to catch him.

vi) ‘It must have been Macavity! But he’s a mile away.

Question a.
What is Macavity blamed for?
Answer:
Macavity is blamed for breaking the greenhouse glass and for theft. Also when the milk goes missing.

Question b.
Where is he?
Answer:
He is a mile away from the scene of the crime.

vii) There never was a cat of such deceitfulness and suavity.

Question a.
Which cat is being talked of here?
Answer:
Macavity is being talked.

Question b.
How is he different from the rest?
Answer:
He is different from the rest by his dishonesty, cunningness but be pretends to be innocent.

E. Explain the following lines with reference to the context:

I. His powers of Levitation would make a fakir stare’

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem “Macavity-The Mystery Cat”, Poet – “T.S Eliot”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the power of Macavity.
Explanation:
The poet says that his levitation is so powerful that it causes a fakir to stare bewildered.

II. ‘And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake.

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem “Macavity-The Mystery Cat”, Poet – “T.S Eliot”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the pretending sleep of Macavity.
Explanation:
Macavity is a clever fellow. When you think he is sleeping, he is wide awake in fact.

III. And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland yard’s

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem “Macavity-The Mystery Cat”, Poet – “T.S Eliot”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the great escapism of Macavity.
Explanation:
Macavity footprints are never to be found in any file of the Scotland yards. When they try to find him he is a mile away from the scene of the crime.

IV. There may be a scrap of paper in the hall or on the stair
But it’s useless to investigate

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem “Macavity-The Mystery Cat”, Poet – “T.S Eliot”.
Context:
The poet talks about the mastermind of the cat.
Explanation:
When the foreign office’s Treaty is not found or the Admiralty Treaty is not found or the Admiralty loses some plans and drawing. It is useless to investigate as they all know that the mastermind behind this act is undoubtedly Macavity’s.

V. He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare.

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem “Macavity – The Mystery Cat”, Poet – “T.S Eliot”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about making up an alibi.
Explanation:
The poet says that there has never been a cat of such deceitfulness and tactfulness. Macavity is always ready with an alibi or two and when the crime is discovered, Macavity is not there.

F. Eliot has many figures of speech to present the poem to the readers in an interesting way. He has attributed the human qualities of a cat in this poem:

Question i.
Identify the literary devices used in the following lines: (Figure of Speech)
Answer:

• He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake – simile
• They say he cheats at cards. – metaphor/Personification
• Macavity, Macavity there’s no one like Macavity -Repetition

Question ii.
Give four instances where the poet has used alliteration in the poem.
Answer:
Alliteration in the poem

1. “His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly domed.”
   Deeply – domed.
2. “For he’s fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity.”
   fiend – feline.
3. “Or when the milk is missing, or another Peke’s been stippled.”
   Milk – missing.
4. “And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland yard’s.”
   Foot prints – found — file

Question iii.
What is the rhyme scheme used in the poem?
Answer:
aa, bb

Question iv.
Pick out all the pairs of rhyming words used in the poem.
Answer:
Rhyming words:

1. Paw – law
2. Despair – there
3. Macavity – gravity
4. Stare – there
5. Air – there
6. Thin – in
7. domed – uncombed
8. Snake – awake
9. Macavity – depravity
10. Square – there
11. Cards – yard’s
12. Rifled – stifled
13. Repair – there
14. Astray – way
15. Repair – there
16. Stair – there
17. Say – away
18. Thumbs – sums
19. Macavity – suavity
20. Spare – there
21. Known – griddlebone
22. Time – crime.

H. Speaking activity:

b) Meaning of the proverb:
What is proverb Expansion?

A proverb is a statement, accepted by all people of a particular community over the generations. ‘Expansion’ means developing and enlarging the idea or a thing. ‘Proverb Expansions’ means enlarging the idea confined in a proverb into a paragraph.
Hints:

1. Be thorough with the exact meaning of the proverb.
2. Then proceed to expand the proverb with examples and the relevant details.
3. Arrange your ideas in order, that is relevant.
4. Avoid everything that is irrelevant.
5. Explain the meaning of the proverb in plain language.
6. Avoid ‘Cliche’ and stereotyped uninteresting phrases.
7. Make paragraphs of equal length and size.

Example:
When the mouse laughs at the cat, there is a hole nearby. Explain the meaning of this statement to your friends.

Meaning:
The meaning of this proverb is that we act tougher when we know we have a backup. When our backgrounds is strong we seem to be bolder in action.

Additional Exercises:

Explain the meaning of the following proverbs:

1) ‘Slow and steady wins the race’
Consistency and steadiness can achieve massive success even if slow. A person with average talent can achieve success through continuous efforts. One can overcome difficulties through constant effort in the right direction.

2) Don’t judge a book by its cover
Things are not always what they seem. This proverb teaches you not to make judgments about other people because of how they look or dress. A book with a boring or plain over could be amazing. The same is true with people. A person might look like an athlete or fool, but there is probably a lot more to them than clothes suggest.

3) Strike while the iron is hot
This old expression comes from the days of blacksmiths. To shape the metal, the blacksmith would have to beat it with a hammer. Iron is easier to work with when it’s hot. This proverb means you should take advantage of the moment. If an opportunity presents itself to you, take it! Take action because the change may not come again.

4) Too many cooks spoil the broth
“Too many cooks in the kitchen.” This is a well-known experience – a lot of people all trying to work in a kitchen around a small table or stovetop will make a mess and ruin the food. This proverb talks about the trouble of too many people trying to do the same thing at once.

5) Honesty is the best policy
Lying a lot can be difficult because you might forget your lies, Soon enough, someone will find out you are lying. Even if no one ever finds out, you will feel guilty for not telling the truth. If you are honest and tell the truth, people will believe you and respect you. You will earn their trust and sleep well at night.

C. Compose a poem:

c) Compose your own limericks on an elephant, a peacock, and a butterfly. Read it out to your class.

Elephant
I love Elephant
Its eyes are tiny
But they are shiny
Its trunk is long
But it is very strong
It moves slowly
But it is brain ‘A peacock’
Joy is a peacock-it’s beauty so rare;
A rainbow of colors that vibrantly flare.
After the train, brightly they come out.
Into a far-like form, uniquely it creates.
Never forget, this vision, joyfully it illuminates.
A butterfly
I saw a butterfly
It wings so high
This colourful fly
A treat to my eye.

கவிஞரைப் பற்றி:

தாமஸ் ஸ்டேனஸ் எலியட் (1888-1965) மிகச்சிறந்த கட்டுரையாளர். இவர் இருபதாம் நூற்றாண்டின் மிகச்சிறந்த விமர்சகர், நாடக ஆசிரியர், கவிஞர் ஆவார். இவர் அமேரிக்காவில் உள்ள ஹார்வர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் மாணவர் சமஸ்கிருதம் கற்றதன் மூலம் இந்திய தத்துவயியலையும் கற்றார்.

” The Wasteland”, ” Love Song of I Alfred Prufrock”, “Ash Wednesday”, Four Qartets, “Journey of the magi”, “After strange gods”, Namingofcats ஆகியவை இவரின் சிறந்த படைப்புகள். இவருக்கு 1948ம் ஆண்டு இலக்கியத்திற்கான நோபல் பரிசு வழங்கப்பட்டது.

கவிதையைப் பற்றி:

கவிஞர் இந்த கவிதையில் ஒரு வீட்டில் இருந்த சுட்டித்தனமான பூனையின் செயல்பாடுகளை விவரிப்பதாக எழுதியுள்ளார். அப்பூனையின் பெயர் மெக்காவிட்டி. பூனைகள் நாம் காணமுடியாததை காணக்கூடிய, நாம் செய்ய அச்சப்படுகிற இருடத்திற்கும் செல்லக் கூடிய மர்மமான ஆற்றல் கொண்டவை.

அதைப்போல இக்கவிதையில் பேசப்படும் பூனையும் யாருடைய கையிலும் சிக்காமல் பல சேட்டைகளை செய்து வருவதாகவும், திருட்டுத்தனங்கள் செய்வதாகவும், ஆனால் திருட்டு நடந்த இடத்திற்கு காவல்துறை பிடிக்க சென்றால் அந்த இடத்தில் அந்த பூனை இருக்காது. இக்கவிதையில் மெக்காவிட்டி பூனையின் மர்மமான குண நலன்களைப் பற்றி தெளிவாகவும், நகைச்சுவையாகவும் கூறுகிறார்.

Macavity – The Mystery Cat Summary in Tamil

மெக்கவிட்டி மர்மமான பூனை;
அவன் மறைவான பாதம் என்று அழைக்கப்படுவான்.
ஏனெனில் அவன் சட்டத்தை மதிக்காத முதன்மை குற்றவாளி
Scotland yard – ன் குழப்பமாகவும்;
Flying squad-ன் பிடிபடாத குற்றவாளி,
அவர்கள் குற்றம் நடந்த இடத்திற்கு செல்லும் போது
அங்கு மெக்கவிட்டி இருப்பது இல்லை.
Macavity அவன் போல் யாரும் இல்லை .

மனித சட்டத்தையும், புவி ஈர்ப்பு விசையையும் உடைத்தெரிந்தான்
அவன் தாவுதல் ஆற்றல் வாய்ந்ததாக இருக்கும்.
நீங்கள் குற்றம் நடந்த இடத்திற்கு செல்லும் போது,
Macavity அங்கு இருப்பது இல்லை.
நீங்கள் அடித்தளத்தில் அவனைத் தேடலாம்;
நீங்கள் காற்றிலும் அவனை தேடலாம்.

ஆனால் நான் மறுபடியும் மறுபடியும் சொல்கிறேன்
Macavity ஒரு எச்சரிக்கையான (ginger) பூனை
அவன் மெலிந்தும் மற்றும் உயரமாகவும் இருப்பான்.
நீங்கள் அவனை பார்த்தவுடன் அவனை அறிவீர்கள்;
அவனது கண்கள் மூழ்கி இருக்கும்.
அவனது புருவங்கள் ஆழ்ந்த சிந்தனை கொண்டவை;
அது மிகவும் ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்தும்.

அவனது உடல் முழுவதும் தூசி படிந்திருக்கும்
அவனது மீசைகள் சீராக இருக்காது.
அவனது தலையை பாம்பைப் போல் அங்கும் இங்கும் ஆட்டுவான்.
நீங்கள் அவன் கொஞ்சம் தூங்கி இருப்பான் என்று நினைப்பீர்கள்,
ஆனால் நன்று விழித்திருப்பான்.
Macavity யாரும் அவன் போல் இல்லை
பூனை (feline) வடிவம் கொண்ட எதிரி (fiend),
தீய பண்புகள் (depravity) கொண்ட அரக்கர்.

அவனை நீங்கள் தெருவில் சந்திக்கலாம்,
அவனை square கூட பார்க்கலாம்.
ஆனால் ஒரு குற்றம் கண்டறிந்தால்,
Macavity அங்கு இருப்பதில்லை!
அவனது வெளிப்படுத்தல் மதிக்கக்கூடியதாக இருக்கும்
(அவர்கள் அவன் விலை ஏமாற்றுவதை கூறுவார்கள்)
அவனது காலடி தடங்கள் Scotlands எங்கும் காணப்படுவது இல்லை.

முழு அலமாரியும் (Larder’s) சூறையாடப்படும் போது,
நகைகள் எல்லாம் கொள்ளையிடப்படும் போதும்
பால் எல்லாம் காணாமல் போக, ஒரு பெக்கினி நாயை (Peke’s) அடக்கப்படும் போது
அல்லது கிரீன்ஹவுஸ் கண்ணாடிகள் உடையும் போது,
மரப்பட்டையின் பழைய பழுது
இதில் திகைக்கக்கூடிய விஷயம் என்ன என்றால்!

Macavity அங்கு இருப்பதில்லை!
வழிகாட்டிய ஒப்பந்தத்தை வெளிநாட்டு அலுவலகம் கண்டறியும் போது
அல்லது அரசு பணிகளின் திட்டங்கள் மற்றும் படங்கள் காணாமல் போகும் போது,
சில துண்டு காகிதங்கள் ஹால் மற்றும் படிகட்டுகளில் இருக்கும்
ஆனால் அவை விசாரிக்க ஏதுவாக இல்லை!
Macavity அங்கு இல்லை!
இழப்பு வெளிப்படுத்தபட்டதால்;
ரகசிய சேவை கூறியது. இது Macavity தான்!” ஆனால் பல மைல்கள் தள்ளி இருப்பான்.

கண்டிப்பாக அவன் ஓய்வெடுக்கும் போது
அவன் கட்டைவிரலை நக்குவான்
அவன் தீவிரமாக பல கடினமான பெரிய செயல்களைச் செய்வான்.
Macavity, Macavity அவன் போல் யாரும் இல்லை
நம்பிக்கையும் (suavity) தந்திரமும் (deceitfulness) கொண்ட பூனையை பார்த்ததில்லை.

அவன் எப்போதும் வேற்றிட வாதம் கொண்டவன்,
ஒன்று அல்லது இரண்டு இடங்கள் தவிர
எந்த நேரத்தில் சில செயல்கள் ஏற்பட்டால்,
Macavity அங்கு இருப்பதில்லை!
அனைத்து பூனைகளின் சிறந்த செயல்கள்
அறிதாய் இருக்கும் என அவர்கள் கூறுவார்கள்.
(Mungojerrie பற்றி கூறுகிறேன், Griddlebone பற்றி கூறுகிறேன்)
அனைத்து நேரமும் முகவர்கள் போல் சிறந்தவர்கள் இல்லை
இதைப் போன்று இயக்கத்தை தடுக்க; நெப்போலியனின் குற்றங்கள்.
ஆகையால் Macavity யை Napoleon of crime என்று கூறினர்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 9 Limits and Continuity Ex 9.1 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Limits and Continuity Ex 9.1

In Problems 1 – 6, complete the table using calculator and use the result to estimate the limit.

Question 1.


Answer:

Question 2.


Answer:

Question 3.


Answer:

Question 4.


Answer:

Question 5.


Answer:

Question 6.


Answer:

Question 7.

Answer:

From the graph the value of the function at x = 3 is y = f(3) = 1

Question 8.


Answer:

From the graph the value of the function at x = 1 is y = f(1) = 3

Question 9.


Answer:

Question 10.


Answer:


From the graph the value of the function is y = f(1) = 3

Question 11.


Answer:

From the graph the value of the function at x = 3 the curve does not meet the line x = 3
∴ The value of the function is not defined at the point x = 3.
Hence \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 3} \frac{1}{x-3}\) does not exist at x = 3.

Question 12.

Answer:

From the graph x = 5 curve does not intersect the line x = 5
∴ The value of the function y = f(x) does not exist at x = 5.

Question 13.
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 1}\) sin πx

Answer:
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 1}\) sin πx
From the graph x = 1, the curve y = f(x) intersects the line x = 1 at x – axis.
∴ y = f(1) = 0
Hence \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 1}\) sin πx = 0

Question 14.
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\) sec x

Answer:
To find \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\) sec x
Let y = f(x) = sec x
From the graph at x = 0 the curve intersect the y – axis.
At x = 0 we have y = 1
∴ \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\) sec x = 1

Question 15.

Answer:

y = f(x) = sec x
From the graph at x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), the curve does not intersect the line x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
At x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), the value of the function y = f(x) does not exist.
Hence does not exist.

Sketch the graph of f, then identify the values of x₀ for which \(\lim _{x \rightarrow x_{0}}\) f (x) exists.

Question 16.

Answer:

At x = 4 , the curve does not exist. Hence, except at x₀ = 4 , the limit of f(x) exists.

Question 17.

Answer:

From the figure when x = π, y = f(π) = 2. The function is not defined at x = π since sin x lies in the interval [ – 1, 1]
∴ The given function has limits at all points except at x = π


(π, 2) point is not possible since the range of the curve is [- 1 , 1] . Except x₀ = π, the curve has limits.

Question 18.
Sketch the graph of a function f that satisfies the given values:
(i) f(0) is defined
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\) f(x) = 4
f(2) = 6
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2}\) f(x) = 3
Answer:

(ii) f(-2) = 0
f(2) = 0
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow-2}\) f(x) = 0
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2}\) f(x) does not exist.
Answer:

Question 19.
Write a brief description of the meaning of the notation \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 8}\) f(x) = 25
Answer:
Given \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 8}\) f(x) = 25
By the definition of limit

∴ f(8^–) = f(8⁺) = 25

Question 20.
If f(2) = 4, can you conclude anything about the limit of f (x) as x approaches 2?
Answer:
No, f(x) = 4, It is the value of the function at x = 2
This limit doesn’t exists at x = 2
Since f(2) = 4
It need not imply that \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2^{-}} f(x)=\lim _{x \rightarrow 2^{+}} f(x)\)
∴ we cannot conclude at x = 2

Question 21.
If the limit of f (x) as x approaches 2 is 4, can you conclude anything about f (2)? Explain reasoning.
Answer:
\(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2}\) f(x) 4 , \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2^{-}}\) f(x) = \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2^{+}}\) f(x) = 4
When x approaches 2 from the left or from the right f(x) approaches 4.
Given that \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2^{-}}\) f(x) = \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 2^{+}}\) f(x) = 4
The existence or non-existence at x =2 has no leaving on the existence of the limit of f(x) as x approaches to 2.
∴ We cannot conclude the value of f(2).

Question 22.

Answer:

Question 23.
Verify the existence of \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\) f(x), where

Answer:

From equations (1) and (2) we get
f(1^–) ≠ f(1⁺)
∴ The limit of f(x) does not exist.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Guide Pdf Poem 3 Lines Written in Early Spring Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem 3 Lines Written in Early Spring

11th English Guide Lines Written in Early Spring Text Book Back Questions and Answers

1. Find words from the poem that convey the following ideas:

Question a.
connected together
Answer:
blended

Question b.
spread over the surface of the ground in a straggling manner
Answer:
tuft

Question c.
make out or understand
Answer:
measure

Question d.
slender woody shoots growing from branches or stems of trees
Answer:
twigs

2. Complete the summary of the poem by filling in the blanks with the words given below:

The poet, in a relaxed state of mind, is sitting in a (1) _______. He reflects on how his mood brings (2) _______ thoughts, which are inevitably followed by (3) _______ ones. He feels connected to all of nature, and senses an inherent joy in all (4) _______. He has faith in the fact that all the primroses and periwinkles around him (5) _______ the air they breathe. He feels that every bird in the grove moves with (6) _______. As the twigs catch the breezy air, they do so with the same pleasure (7) _______ all life on earth. This joy of nature seems to be heaven-sent. Nature’s holy plan is to offer joy and peace to all forms of life on earth. The poet’s pleasant train of thought slowly leads to the sad reflection of how mankind alone has wrought sorrow and (8) _______ upon itself. He firmly believes that man is meant to spend his days blissfully taking part in the vitality and joy surrounding him in (9) _______. He, therefore, concludes rhetorically, emphasizing that he has good reason to (10) _______the distress, man unnecessarily brings upon himself.
Answer:

1. Grove
2. Pleasant
3. Nature
4. Distressed
5. Calm
6. Bower
7. Breezy
8. Peace
9. Sorrow

3. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) And ’tis my faith that every flower’
Enjoys the air it breathes…

Question (a)
What is the poet’s faith?
Answer:
The poet has faith that nature lives, breathes and enjoys its own presence. Twigs, birds, creepers all live in harmony with each other in absolute bliss and contentment.

Question (b)
What trait of Nature do we see here?
Answer:
The trait of Nature we see here is sharing and love of nature in all its creations.

(ii) And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there…

Question (a)
What did the poet notice about the twigs?
Answer:
The poet noticed it is happy to spread out its tender leaves to catch the breezy air.

Question (b)
What was the poet’s thought about them?
Answer:
The poet thought the twigs were experiencing the joy of their contact with the breezy air.

(iii) If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature’s holy plan.

Question (a)
What does ‘heaven’ refer to?
Answer:
Heaven refers to God.

Question (b)
Why does the poet call it ‘holy’?
Answer:
The poet believes that the harmonious, peaceful, and happy co-existence of birds, plants, trees, and brooks soothes the troubled mind of man. So, the poet feels as if he were inside a sacred place when he is in the woods. So, he calls the plan ‘holy’.

Additional Appreciation Questions:

1. I heard a thousand blended notes
While in a grove I sate reclined.

Question (a)
Where was the poet?
Answer:
The poet was in the grove.

Question (b)
What are blended notes?
Answer:
‘Blended notes’ relate to listening to the music of the breeze and the chirping of birds.

Question (c)
What does grove mean?
Answer:
Grove means a small area of land with a group of trees.

2. “To her fair works did nature link
The human soul that through me ran”

Question (a)
What is linked to human soul?
Answer:
Nature linked to human soul.

Question (b)
What are the fair works of nature?
Answer:
Human soul is the fair works of nature.

3. “Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower
The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths”

Question (a)
What is primrose?
Answer:
It is a wild plant with yellow flowers.

Question (b)
What does ‘tufts’ mean?
Answer:
‘Tufts’ means bunches.

Question (c)
Where did the poet get to see this scene?
Answer:
The poet saw this beautiful scene in a grove.

4. Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man?

Question (a)
What reason has the poet got to lament?
Answer:
He is very much distressed at the plight of humanity.

Question (b)
What is the solution to the problem?
Answer:
Man has to love the nature and live in harmony with nature.

4. Explain the following lines with reference to the context in about four to five sentences each:

I. In the sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.

Reference: These lines are from the poem “Lines Written in Early Spring” written by William Wordsworth.
Context: William Wordsworth was inspired in a small woodland grove, a landscape of beauty. He came upon this spot when walking near Alford village. While sensing the blissful mood and happiness of birds, plants, creepers and the murmuring brook, he juxtaposed what humans did to their kind in Napoleonic wars and amidst happy nature couldn’t help feeling sad. On that occasion, he said these words.

Explanation: The poet was captivated by the celestial beauty of the woodland near Alford village. The chirping of birds, the blooming flowers, and the brooks expressed their ecstasy of being alive. But their charm, peace, and contentment made Wordsworth compare the lives of war-mongers. Suddenly he became sad.
Comment: The poet beautifully portrays his mixed feelings.

II. The birds around me hopp’d and play’d
their thoughts I cannot measure.

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Lines Written in Early Spring”, Poet – “William Wordsworth”.
Context:
The poet utters these words while observing the beauty of nature.
Explanation:
The poet admires the beauty of nature while sitting in the grove. He observes that every creature is closely linked with nature. They not only feel happy on their own but also make others happy. He observes some birds around him which are hopping and playing happily. Though the poet cannot understand the thoughts in them, he is sure that they are happy.

III. Have I not reason to lament
What Man has made of man?

Reference: These lines are from the poem “Lines Written in Early Spring” written by William Wordsworth.
Context: William Wordsworth was inspired by a small woodland grove, a landscape of beauty. He came upon this spot when walking near Alford village. While sensing the blissful mood and happiness of birds, plants, creepers, and the murmuring brook, he juxtaposed what humans did to their kind in Napoleonic wars and amidst happy nature couldn’t help feeling sad. On that occasion, he said these words.

Explanation: William Wordsworth derived extreme pleasure listening to the songs of birds and voiceless communication of joy between plants, twigs, and flowers. Though he could not fathom the meaning, he realized the blissful state of nature. But he remembered the depravity of man which was evident in Napoleonic wars. He was fed up with man’s capacity to destroy innocent lives and property. So, he lamented “what man has made of man”.
Comment: The mixed feelings of happiness and sadness is well brought out.

5A. Read the following sets of lines and identify the figures of speech used in each extract:

a. Toherfair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran.
b.And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes.
c. What Man has made of Man?

5B. Read the poem once again. Identify the rhyme scheme and pick out the rhyming pairs of words:
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of the Poem is ab ab, ab ab………
Rhyming words are:

1. Notes – thoughts
2. Reclined – mind
3. Link – think
4. Ran – man
5. Bower – flower
6. Wreaths – breathes
7. Play’d – made
8. Measure – pleasure
9. Fan – can
10. Air – there
11. Sent – lament
12. Plan – man.

6. Answer the following in a sentence or two:

Question (a)
How does the poet feel while enjoying the beauty of Nature?
Answer:
The poet was in a sweet mood reclining in a grove. Hearing a thousand blended notes, his mind was filled with pleasant thoughts. He was very happy.

Question (b)
Does Nature affect a person’s thoughts and feelings? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, the poet finds everything happy – helping and sharing with each other. He feels that man alone is not a part of it.

Question (c)
How do people bring grief and sorrow to one another?
Answer:
People are jealous of one another’s wealth and possessions. One tries to harm the other by waging or provoking wars. Thus people bring grief and sorrow to one another.

Question (d)
Why does the poet think that the birds were happy?
Answer:
The way in which they hop and play makes the poet think that the birds were happy.

Question (e)
The poet finds joy in various objects of Nature. Explain
Answer:
The poet found joy in the primrose tufts, the sweet bower, the periwinkle, and the singing; birds.

Question (f)
Bring out the poet’s thoughts, while comparing Nature with human behaviour.
Answer:
Nature’s holy plan is that every creature should be happy but the humans fight with one another and lead a sorrowful life.

7. Complete the following sentences by choosing the best options:

Question (a)
The poet experiences sadness because of _______.
i. the blended notes are jarring
ii. Nature is filled with negativity
iii. he is worried about the destruction caused to Nature
iv. natural calamities occur frequently
Answer:
iii. he is worried about the destruction caused to Nature

Question (b)
The poem is set in a _______.
i. city
ii. Village
iii. grove
iv. Park
Answer:
iii. grove

Question (c)
The poem speaks of _______.
i. Mans plan to shape density
ii. Man seeking pleasure and riches
iii. Man indulging in wars and acts of destruction
iv. Mans fear of Nature
Answer:
iii. Man indulging in wars and acts of destruction

8. Answer in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 words:

Do you think the poet wants to say that man is unhappy because he has lost his link with nature and forgotten how to enjoy nature or because man is cruel to other men?

Paragraph:

The poet brings out varied reasons for the unhappiness of man. The main reason is he is cruel to other men. In this context, he brings forth the French revolution which had a great impact on the people of both France and Britain. The poet laments about this behaviour of man. Fie also observes that the flowers, birds, and trees have a close link with Nature and follow Nature’s holy plan of being together and sharing happiness. This view is made clear from the lines,

Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower,
The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths;

The poet feels that man’s innate state must be close to nature. His heart is filled with pain when he thinks about the behaviour of man. His grief gets expressed from the lines,

And much it grieved my heart to think
What man has made of man?

He concludes that except man all other creatures are happy as they have a close link with nature and they share and care for each other. He is not able to find a positive answer for what man has made of man. That is why he says,

Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man?

ஆசிரியரைப் பற்றி:

வில்லியம் வேர்ட்ஸ்வொர்த் (1770-1850) மிகச்சிறந்த ஆங்கிலக் கவிஞர். சாமுவேல் டெய்லர் கோல்ரிட்ஜிடன் இணைந்து Lyrical Ballads என்ற கவிதை தொகுப்பை வெளியிட்டதன் மூலம் ஆங்கில இலக்கியத்தில் புதிய ரொமாண்டிக் காலத்தை தொடங்கிவைத்தார்.

பிரிட்டனின் அரசவைக் கவிஞராக 1984ம் ஆண்டு முதல் வாழ்நாள் இறுதி வரை இருந்து வந்தார். இவர் இயற்க்கை கவிஞர் என்றே எல்லோராலும் அறியப்பட்டடார். “Daffodils”, “The Solitary Reaper”, “To the cuckoo'” “The tables turned”, Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey ஆகியவை இவரின் புகழ் பெற்ற கவிதைகள்.

கவிதையைப் பற்றி:

இக்கவிதையில் கவிஞர் மனிதன் தன் சக மனிதனுக்கு செய்யும் இடையூறுகளை நினைத்து மனம் வருந்துகிறார். இயற்கை என்னும் அற்புதத்தை இறைவன் நமக்காக படைத்துள்ளார். அதில் ஒன்றாக கலந்து கவிஞர் மகிழ்ந்தாலும் மனிதர்களின் செயல்பாடுகள் இயற்க்கைக்கு எதிராக இருப்பதை நினைத்து .மனம் வெதும்புகிறார்.

Lines Written in Early Spring Summary in Tamil

சோலையொன்றில் நான் சாய்ந்தமர்ந்திருந்த போது
ஆயிரம் கானங்கள் கலந்த இசையைக் கேட்டேன்.
அவ்வினிய தருணத்தில் இன்ப நினைவுகள்
சுமந்து வந்ததோ துன்ப நினைவுகள்.
என்னே இயற்கையின் கைவண்ணம்!

தன்னையே என் ஆன்மாவுடன் இணைந்து
துன்பறுத்துகிறது என் இதயத்தை – நினைக்க
வேண்டுகிறது மனிதன் மனிதனைக்கொண்டு உருவாக்கியதை
பிரிம் ரோஸ் மலர்களிடையே அம் மர நிழலடியில்
பெரிவிங்கிள் தன் ஊதா பூக்களை பரவ விட்டிருக்கிறது.

என் மனம் கூறுகிறது, ஒவ்வொரு பூவும்
அதன் மணத்தை சுவாசத்தில் உணர்த்து மகிழும் என்று.
என்னைச் சுற்றி பறவைகள் துள்ளி விளையாடுகின்றன.
அதன் மன அலைகளோ அளவிட முடியாதவை.
ஆனால் அவற்றின் மிக எளிய அசைவுகள் கூட
மகிழ்வின் உச்சமாக மாறுகின்றன.
மலர் மொட்டுகள் இதழ் விரித்தன.

மணம் வீசும் தென்றல் தழுவிட
நானும் சிந்தித்து செயலாற்ற வேண்டும்
இங்கு இருக்கும் மகிழ்வில் கலந்திட
இந்நம்பிக்கை விண்ணின்று அனுப்பப்பட்ட தென்றல்
இது இயற்கையின் தூய திட்டமென்றால்,
நான் புலம்புவதற்கு காரணமாக இல்லை,
மனிதன் மனிதனைக் கொண்டு உருவாக்கியதை எண்ணி.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Guide Pdf Poem 2 Confessions of a Born Spectator Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem 2 Confessions of a Born Spectator

11th English Guide Confessions of a Born Spectator Text Book Back Questions and Answers

1. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence or two:

Question a.
Why does the poet feel glad that he does not play any game?
Answer:
The poet feels glad that he was not a player but only a spectator. He is glad because of the risk of injuring himself and others is more if he becomes a player.

Question b.
Do you think the narrator is heroic? Why?
Answer:
No, just watching the heroic deeds of enthusiastic athletes is not considered heroic.

Question c.
The poet is satisfied just watching the heroic deeds of others. What could be the reason?
Answer:
The poet is very sensitive. He derives vicarious pleasure on seeing the play of all the players. He is not after glory, medals, and not interested in inflicting injury on any opponent. So, he is happy staying out of all rough games.

Question d.
The poet does not wish to exchange position with the runners. Why?
Answer:
The athletes never care for the feelings of others when they play enthusiastically. So the poet does not wish to exchange position with them.

Question e.
Are the athletes conscious of the feelings of others? Why do you say so?
Answer:
No, the athletes are zealous in their endeavour to win. In the process, they go to the extent of maiming fellow players. The player’s focus is mostly on winning and he is naturally not conscious of the feelings of others.

Question f.
Why would the referee ask whether there was a doctor in the stands? What stands is he referring to?
Answer:
The referee would ask for a doctor when any athlete cracks his wrist or got injured in any way. Stands here refer to the stadium or boxing ring.

Question g.
Why does the poet prefer to buy tickets worth their weight in radium? Bring out the significance of the metal referred to here?
Answer:
Radium is more expensive than diamonds. It is a rare metal discovered by Madam Curie. The poet was ready to buy tickets as expensive as radium just to stay as a spectator.

2. Read the poem again and complete the summary using the words given in the box: (Text Book Page No. 54)

In the poem Confessions of a Born Spectator, Ogden Nash talks about how people choose different sports in their lives or decide to become athletes. While admiring the talents of athletes and sportsmen, the poet (i)_________ that he is glad that he is neither a sportsman nor an athlete. Children have different (ii) _________ and wish to play various games. Each child has in mind something in particular, but the narrator is (iii) _________ he is not one of the players. Though the narrator (iv) _________ the talents of all athletes, he derives satisfaction from watching them but does not wish to (v) _______ places with them. He also sometimes regrets that (vi) _______ athletes play rough games without caring for the feelings of their sporting rivals. He feels that good sense and caution win over ego. The narrator wholeheartedly offers (vii) _______ the modest (viii) ___________ of athletes. Ultimately the narrator is (ix) _______ that he himself is not an athlete.
Answers:
(i) Confesses
(ii) Aims
(iii) Glad
(iv) Admires
(v) Exchange
(vi) Zealous
(vii) Thanksgiving
(viii) Physiques
(ix) Satisfied

3. Read the poem and answer the following in a short paragraph of 8 – 10 sentences each: (Text Book Page No. 55)

Question a./b.
How does the poet establish the victory of common sense over ego?/ The poet does not wish to exchange places with athletes. How does she justify his view?
Answer:
The poet readily considers himself as a Born Spectator. He admires the talents of the athletes who are skillful in varied sports. That is running ninety yards, knocking the champion to the floor, taking hold of the horse to make it win, etc. He satisfies his love for sports by watching the heroic deeds of sportspersons.

His ego gets slightly disturbed while watching such heroic deeds which induces him to act as an athlete. Thus arise a struggle between his ego and common sense. But when he sees athletes playing, so rough injuring others and never bothers about the opponents’ feeling his common sense has its victory.

Question c.
According to the poet, what contributes most to the injuries sustained by the athletes?
Answer:
According to the poet, the athletes perform heroic deeds and risk their lives to the maximum to attain success. They have to overcome many hurdles before they taste success. Apart from this, they get hurt physically too in many ways. So the poet feels that there is nothing wrong to buy tickets worth their radium.

As they are very active like radium let them be given a huge sum of money like that for radium. Being a spectator and realizing the hard effort of the athlete the poet readily feels that he can share everything with them. It is in this way one can contribute to the injuries sustained by the athletes.

4. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow in a sentence or two:

a. With all my heart I do admire
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire

Question i.
Whom does the poet admire?
Answer:
The poet admires the athletes.

Question ii.
For what reasons do the athletes sweat?
Answer:
The athletes sweat either for fun or for monetary benefits.

b. Well, ego it might be pleased enough
But zealous athletes play so rough

Question i.
What pleases the ego?
Answer:
The daring spirit of the athletes pleases the ego.

Question ii.
Why are athletes often rough during play?
Answer:
They are rough as they play enthusiastically towards their victory.

c. When officialdom demands
Is there a doctor in the stands?

Question i.
Why are doctors called from stands by the sponsors?
Answer:
Doctors are called from stands when players get injured.

Question ii.
Why does the poet make such an observation?
Answer:
The poet himself is present as a spectator there in the stadium. He is not willing to exchange places with the athletes.

C. When snaps the knee and cracks the wrist:

Question i.
Identify and explain the use of the literary device in this line.
Answer:
The literary device used here is onomatopoeia. It imitates the natural sound of a thing. Here the snapping sound of the knee and the cracking sound of the wrist is explained.

Additional Appreciation questions:

1. “One infant grows up and becomes a Jockey
Another plays basketball or hockey,”
This one the prize ring hates to enter
That one becomes a tackle or center
I am just glad as I glad can be.

Question a.
What does ‘Jockey’ refer to?
Answer:
Jockey refers to horse riding.

Question b.
Who is playing the game?
Answer:
The infant is playing the game.

Question c.
Who is glad?
Answer:
The spectator is glad.

Question d.
Why is he glad?
Answer:
He is glad because he needn’t compete in the field.

Question e.
Whom does ‘they refer’ to?
Answer:
They refer to athletes.

Question f.
What is the figure of speech used in the 5th line?
Answer:
Simile.

2. Now A runs ninety yards to score
B knocks the champion to the floor
Cracking vertebrae and spines
Lashes his steed across the line:

Question a.
Why does ‘A’ run ninety yards?
Answer:
‘A’ runs ninety yards to win the match.

Question b.
Why does ‘B’ knock ‘A’?
Answer:
‘B’ disturbs ‘A’ because he doesn’t want A’ to win.

Question c.
Why does ‘B’ lash across the line?
Answer:
‘B’ lashes across the line to get victory over A.

Question d.
Who cracks whose vertebrae and spines?
Answer:
‘B’ cracks ‘A’s vertebrates and spines.

3. When swollen eye meets gnarled fist
When snaps the knee and cracks the wrist
When officialdom demands,
Is there a doctor in the stands?

Question a.
Why are the eyes swollen?
Answer:
The opponent is fierce enough to inflict injury on the other’s eye in the boxing event.

Question b.
What encounters the gnarled fist?
Answer:
The athletes swollen eyes encounter the gnarled fist during the contest.

4. “And reassure me a new
That you are not me and I am not you”

Question a.
Why does the poet repeat the line?
Answer:
He repeats the line again to stress the fact that each and every individual is unique.

Question b.
Whom does he assure?
Answer:
He assures himself.

Poetic lines-(Figures of Speech):

5A. Explain the following with reference to the context in about 50 – 60 words each:

i. I am just glad as glad can be.
That I am not them, that they are not me ………

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Confessions of a Born Spectator”, Poet – “Ogden Nash”.
Context:
The poet says these words when he feels happy of not being an athlete.
Explanation:
The poet talks about how people choose different sports in their lives or decide to become athletes. While admiring the talents of athletes and sportsmen he confesses that he is happy that he is not a sportsman.

ii. They do not ever in their dealings
Consider one another’s feelings

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Confessions of a Born Spectator”, Poet – “Ogden Nash”.
Context:
Here the poet speaks about the behaviour of the athletes while playing.
Explanation:
The athletes used to play rough games when they play enthusiastically. In this regard, they never care for the feelings of their sporting rivals. The poet regrets this behaviour of the athletes.

iii. Athletes, I’ll drink to you,
Or eat with you,
Or anything except competing with you

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Confessions of a Born Spectator”, Poet – “Ogden Nash”.
Context:
Here the poet expresses his view of not competing with sportspersons in any way.
Explanation:
The poet is very clear of the view that he is a Born Spectator and not a sports person. He is ready to share everything with the athletes like spending gala time, dining together with them, etc. but is not ready to compete with them in their sports activities.

5B. Read the poem and complete the table with suitable rhyming words:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

5C. Underline the alliterated words in the following lines: 

Question i.
For this most modest physiques…
Answer:
For this most modest physiques…

Question ii.
They do not ever in their dealings…
Answer:
They do not ever in their dealings…

5D. Find out the rhyme scheme of the given stanza:

Question 1.
One infant grows up and becomes a jockey
Another plays basketball or hockey
This one the prize ring hates to enter
That one becomes a tackle or center…
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of the poem is aa, bb.

Listening Activity:

Question 1.
Tejaswini Sawant is an Indian _______.
a) shooter
b) boxer
c) cricketer
Answer:
a) shooter

Question 2.
She represented India at the 9th South Asian Sports Federation Games in _______.
a) 2001
b) 2002
c) 2004
Answer:
c) 2004

Question 3.
In 2006, she won a Gold medal in the _______.
a) Commonwealth Games
b) Olympic Games
c) Asian Games
Answer:
a) Commonwealth Games

Question 4.
She became a world champion in the 50m Rifle Prone game held in _______.
a) Germany
b) Russia
c) India
Answer:
a) Germany

Question 5.
Tejaswini was the first Indian woman shooter to win a _______ medal at the World Championship in the 50m
rifle prone game.
a) gold
b) silver
c) bronze
Answer:
a) Gold

7. Paragraph:

In the poem “Confessions of a Born Spectator” the poet talks about how people choose to opt for different sports in their lives or decide to become athletes. At the same time, he confesses that he is glad that he is neither a sports person nor an athlete. He admires the talents of all athletes and derives great satisfaction watching them. This is understood from the lines

My limp and bashful spirit feeds
on other people’s heroic deeds.

Being a Born Spectator he does not wish to exchange places with the athletes at any cost. He doesn’t like to get injured in any way. Moreover, he regrets over the fact that Zealous athletes play rough games without even caring for each other’s feelings. The poet conveys this idea through the lines

They do not ever in their dealings
Consider one another’s feelings.

He feels that good sense and caution win over ego. He offers thanksgiving the modest physiques of athletes as they risk their lives to a great extend like snapping their knees and cracking their wrist etc. This shows that the athletes take a lot of trials to achieve the desired results. The poet is always ready to share a drink or a meal with the athletes. In fact, he is ready to do anything except competing with them. Ultimately the poet is satisfied that he himself is not an athlete which is clearly proved from the lines

And reassure me a new
That you are not me and I’m not you.

கவிஞரைப் பற்றி:

Frederic Ogden Nash என்பவர் ஒரு அமேரிக்க கவிஞர். இவர் 500ற்கும் மேற்பட்ட நகைச்சுவை கவிதைகளை இதுவரை எழுதியுள்ளார். இவரது கவிதைகளில், கதைகளில் பயன்படுத்திய எதுகை அமைப்பு முறை இவரை மிகச்சிறந்த நகைச்சுவை கவிஞராக அமேரிக்காவில் அடையாளம் கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளார். இவரின் நினைவாக அமேரிக்காவில் தபால்தலை வெளியிடப்பட்டிருக்கிறது.

கவிதையைப் பற்றி:

எந்த ஒரு போட்டியாக இருந்தாலும் அதில் இருவேறு செய்திகள் அடங்கி இருக்கும். ஒன்று விளையாட்டு வீரர், மற்றொன்று பார்வையாளர். வீரர் விளையாட்டில் கலந்து தன் திறமையை வெளிகாட்டுவார் பார்வையாளர் அதை வேடிக்கை பார்ப்பார். வீரர் காயப்பட்டு, எழும்புகள் உடைக்கப்பட்டு, வீரத்தை வெளிகாட்டுகிறார்.

ஆனால் பார்வையாளர் வெளியில் நின்று வேடிக்கை பார்த்து இரசிக்கிறார். இந்த கவிதையில் விளையாட்டு வீரர்களை வேடிக்கை பார்த்து இரசிக்கும் கவிஞர் அதை நகைச்சுவையாக பேசுகிறார்.

Confessions of a Born Spectator summary in Tamil

ஒரு குழந்தை வளர்ந்து ஒரு குதிரை வீரனாக (Jockey) மாறுகிறது.
மற்றொன்று கூடைப்பந்து அல்லது ஹாக்கி விளையாடுகிறது.
இது குத்துச் சண்டை வளையத்தில் (Prize Ring) நுழைய மறுக்கிறது.
அது பந்தைய வீரனாக அல்லது நடுவராகிறது.
மகிழ்ச்சியாக இருப்பதால் நான் மகிழ்ச்சியடைகிறேன்.
நான் அவர்களும் இல்லை, அவர்கள் அனைவரும் நான் இல்லை.
என் முழு உள்ளத்தோடு நான் மகிழ்கிறேன் (பாராட்டுகிறேன்)

வேடிக்கை அல்லது ஊதியத்திற்கு வியர்வை சிந்தும் வீரர்களை நான் மதிக்கிறேன்,
அவர்கள் களத்தில் பகட்டான (gaudy pomp) ஆடை அணிந்து கொள்கிறார்கள்.
கரடுமுரடாக, ஆர்வமாக விளையாடும் போது
ஒரவரக்கொருவர் காயம் உண்டாக்கி கொள்கிறார்கள்.
எனது குறைகளும் ஞானமும் எனது ஆற்றலை மற்ற வீரர்களின்
வீர செயல்களால் ஊக்கமளிக்கப்படுகிறது.

இப்போது A தொண்ணூறு தெலைதூரம் வெற்றிபெற ஓடுகிறார்
B வெற்றியாளரை தரையில் தள்ளிவிடுகிறார்.
அவனது முதுகையும் முதுகெலும்புகளையும் உடைத்துக்கொண்டு
பாதை (line) முழுவதும் தனது குதிரையை சவுக்கால் அடித்து (Steed) வசைப்படுகிறான் (lashes)
நீங்கள் என் விடா முயற்சி ஏதேனும்
ஒரு இலக்கை அடைய வைக்கும் என நினைப்பீர்கள்
ஆம் நன்றாக விடாமுயற்சி போதுமானமதாக இருக்கலாம்.

ஆனால் ஆர்வமுள்ள விளையாட்டு வீரர்கள் மிகவும் கடினமானவர்கள்
அவர்கள் எப்போதும் உணர்ச்சிகளில் வெல்பவர்கள் அல்ல
ஒருவரின் உணர்வுகளினால் வெல்கிறார்கள்.
எனக்கு துன்பம் வரும்போதெல்லாம்
என்னுடைய புத்திசாலித்தனம், விவேகம் வெற்றி பெறுகிறது.

வீங்கிய கண்கள் கரடுமுரடான முட்டியை சந்திக்கும் போது,
என்னை வெற்றியடையச் செய்வதை என்னி மகிழ்கிறேன்
முழங்கால்கள் மற்றும் மணிக்கட்டுகள் விரிசல் ஏற்படம் போது, நடுவர் கேட்கிறார்
அங்கே மருத்துவர் இருக்கிறாரா? என்று
என் ஆண்மா எளிமையான, உண்மையான நன்றிகளை சாதாரண உடலமைப்பிற்காக சொல்கிறது.

தடகள வீரர்களே நான் உங்களுடன் குடிக்கிறேன்
அல்லது உங்களுடன் சாப்பிடுகிறேன்
உங்களுடன் போட்டியிடும் எதையும் தவிர
அரங்கில் உங்கள் குதுகளத்தை (gambol) பார்க்க வேண்டும்
என்பதற்காக ரேடியம் மதிப்புள்ள டிக்கட்டை வாங்குகிறேன்.

இழந்துவிட்ட நம்பிக்கையை புதிதாக மறுபடியும் உறுதி செய்கிறேன்
நான் நீங்கள் இல்லை,
நீங்கள் நான் இல்லை, எனக்கு நானே உறுதி செய்து கொள்கிறேன்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.3 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.3

Question 1.
Find \(\vec{a}\) . \(\vec{b}\) when
(i) \(\vec{a}\) = î – 2ĵ + k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 3î – 4ĵ – 2k̂
(ii) \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + 2ĵ – k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 6î – 3ĵ + 2k̂
Answer:
(i) \(\vec{a}\) = î – 2ĵ + k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 3î – 4ĵ – 2k̂
\(\vec{a}\) . \(\vec{b}\) = (î – 2ĵ + k̂) . (3î – 4ĵ – 2k̂)
= (1) (3) + (-2) (-4) + (1) (-2)
= 3 + 8 – 2
= 9

(ii) \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + 2ĵ – k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 6î – 3ĵ + 2k̂
\(\vec{a}\) . \(\vec{b}\) = (2î + 2ĵ – k̂) . (6î – 3ĵ + 2k̂)
= (2) (6) + (2) (-3) + (-1) (2)
= 12 – 6 – 2 = 12 – 8 = 4

Question 2.
Find the value λ for which the vectors \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) are perpendicular, where
(i) \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + λĵ – k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = î – 2ĵ + 3k̂
(ii) \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + 4ĵ – k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 3î – 2ĵ + λk̂
Answer:
When \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) are ⊥^r then \(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}\) = 0
\(\vec{a}\) ⊥^r \(\vec{b}\) ⇒ \(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}\) = 0
(i) (2) (1) + (λ) (-2) + (1) (3) = 0 ⇒ λ = 5/2
(ii) (2) (3) + (4) (-2) + (-1) (λ) = 0
6 – 8 – λ = 0
-λ – 2 = 0 ⇒ -λ = 2 ⇒ λ = -2

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.
Find the angle between the vectors
(i) 2î + 3ĵ – 6k̂ and 6î – 3ĵ + 2k̂
(ii) î – ĵ and ĵ – k̂
Answer:
(i) 2î + 3ĵ – 6k̂ and 6î – 3ĵ + 2k̂
Let θ be the angle between the given vectors, then

(ii) î – ĵ and ĵ – k̂
Let θ be the angle between the given vectors, then

Question 5.

Answer:

Question 6.
Show that the vectors \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂ \(\vec{b}\) = 6î + 2ĵ – 3k̂ and \(\vec{c}\) = 3î – 6ĵ + 6k̂ are mutually orthogonal.
Answer:
Given \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂ \(\vec{b}\) = 6î + 2ĵ – 3k̂ and \(\vec{c}\) = 3î – 6ĵ + 6k̂
\(\vec{a}\) . \(\vec{b}\) = (2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂) . (6î + 2ĵ – 3k̂)
= (2) (6) + (3) (2) + (6) (-3)
= 12 + 6 – 18
= 0
∴ \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{a}\) are perpendicular.

\(\vec{b}\) . \(\vec{c}\) = (6î + 2ĵ – 3k̂) . (3î – 6ĵ + 6k̂)
= (6) (3) + (2) (- 6) + (-3) (2)
= 18 – 12 – 6
= 0
∴ \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}\) are perpendicular.

\(\vec{c}\) . \(\vec{a}\) = (3î – 6ĵ + 6k̂) . (2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂)
= (3) (2) + (-6) (3) + (2) (6)
= 6 – 18 + 12
= 0
∴ \(\vec{c}\) and \(\vec{a}\) are perpendicular.
Hence \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) are mutually perpendicular vectors.

Question 7.
Show that the vectors – î – 2ĵ – 6k̂, 2î – ĵ + k̂ and – î + 3ĵ + 5k̂ from a right-angled triangle.
Answer:

CA = \(\sqrt{1+9+25}\) = \(\sqrt{35}\)
AB ≠ BC + CA
∴ The given vectors form a triangle, Also
AB² = 41, BC² = 6, CA² = 35
AB² = BC² + CA²
∴ ∆ ABC is a right angled triangle.

Question 8.

Answer:

Question 9.
Show that the points (2, – 1, 3), (4, 3, 1), and (3, 1, 2) are collinear.
Answer:
Let the given points be
A (2, -1, 3), B (4, 3, 1) and C (3, 1, 2)


AB = 2√6, BC = √6, CA = √6
BC + CA = √6 + √6 = 2√6
∴ BC + CA = BA = 2√6
Hence the given points A, B, C are collinear.

Question 10.
If \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\) are unit vectors and θ is the angle between them, show that
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Answer:
Given \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) are unit vectors.
∴ |\(\vec{a}\)| = 1 and |\(\vec{b}\)| = 1

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Question 11.

Answer:

Question 12.
Find the projection of the vector î + 3ĵ + 7k̂ on the vector 2î + 6ĵ + 3k̂
Answer:
The given vectors are î + 3ĵ + 7k̂ and 2î + 6ĵ + 3k̂
Projection of î + 3ĵ + 7k̂ on 2î + 6ĵ + 3k̂ is

Question 13.
Find λ, when the projection \(\vec{a}\) = λî + ĵ + 4k̂ on \(\vec{b}\) = 2î + 6ĵ + 3k̂ is 4 units.
Answer:
The given vectors are
\(\vec{a}\) = λî + ĵ + 4k̂ , \(\vec{b}\) = 2î + 6ĵ + 3k̂
Also given that projection of \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) is 4 units.

Question 14.

Answer:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.4 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.4

Question 1.
Find the magnitude of \(\vec{a}\) × \(\vec{b}\) if \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + ĵ + 3k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 3î + 5ĵ – 2k̂
Answer:
The given vectors are \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + ĵ + 3k̂
\(\vec{b}\) = 3î + 5ĵ – 2k̂

Question 2.
Show that

Answer:

Question 3.
Find the vectors of magnitude 10√3 that are perpendicular to the plane which contains
î + 2ĵ + k̂ and î + 3ĵ + 4k̂
Answer:
Let the given vectors be \(\vec{a}\) = î + 2ĵ + k̂
\(\vec{b}\) = î + 3ĵ + 4k̂

Question 4.
Find the unit vectors perpendicular to each of the vectors \(\vec{a}\) + \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{a}\) – \(\vec{b}\), where \(\vec{a}\) = î + ĵ + k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
Answer:

Question 5.
Find the area of the parallelogram whose two adjacent sides are determined by the vectors î + 2ĵ + 3k̂ and 3î – 2ĵ + k̂
Answer:

Question 6.
Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A(3, -1, 2), B(1, -1, -3), and C(4, -3, 1)
Answer:
The given vertices of the triangle ABC are
A(3, -1, 2), B(1, -1, -3) and C(4, -3, 1)

Question 7.

Answer:

Question 8.
For any vector \(\vec{a}\) prove that

Answer:

Question 9.

Answer:

Question 10.
Find the angle between the vector 2î + ĵ – k̂ and î + 2ĵ + k̂ using vector product.
Answer:
Let the given vector be \(\vec{a}\) = 2î + ĵ – k̂ and \(\vec{b}\) = 2î + ĵ – k̂

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.5 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.5

Choose the correct or the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives:

Question 1.
The value of \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A B}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B C}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{D A}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C D}}\) is
(1) \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A D}}\)
(2) \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C A}}\)
(3) \(\overrightarrow{0}\)
(4) \(-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A D}}\)
Answer:
(3) \(\overrightarrow{0}\)

Explaination:

Question 2.
If \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}+2 \overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}\) and \(3 \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}+\mathbf{m} \overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}\) are parallel, then the value of m is
(1) 3
(2) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(3) 6
(4) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
Answer:
(3) 6

Explaination:

Question 3.
The unit vector parallel to the resultant of the vectors î + ĵ – k̂ and î – 2ĵ + k̂ is
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Answer:
(4)

Explaination:

Question 4.
A vector \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{O P}}\) makes 60° and 45° with the positive direction of the x and y axes respectively. Then the angle between \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{O P}}\) and the z – axis is
(1) 45°
(2) 60°
(3) 90°
(4) 30°
Answer:
(2) 60°

Explaination:
Given the angle made by \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{O P}}\) with x – axis and y – axis are 60° and 45° respectively. Let the angle made by \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{O P}}\) with the positive direction of z – axis be θ. Then

Question 5.
If \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B A}}\) = 3î + 2ĵ + k̂ and the position vector of B is î + 3ĵ – k̂ then the position vector A is
(1) 4î + 2ĵ + k̂
(2) 4î + 5ĵ
(3) 4î
(4) – 4î
Answer:
(2) 4î + 5ĵ

Explaination:

Question 6.
A vector makes equal angle with the positive direction of the coordinate axes . Then each angle is equal to
(1) cos^-1\(\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
(2) cos^-1\(\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\)
(3) cos^-1\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
(4) cos^-1\(\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
Answer:
(3) cos^-1\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)

Explaination:
Let the angles made by a vector with the coordinate axes be α, α, α. Then
cos² α + cos² α + cos² α = 1
[If α, β, γ are the angles made by a vector with coordinate axes respectively, then
cos² α + cos² β + cos² γ = 1]
3 cos² α = 1

Question 7.
The vector \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}, \overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}, \overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}\) are
(1) parallel to each other
(2) unit vectors
(3) mutually perpendicular vectors
(4) coplanar vectors
Answer:
(4) coplanar vectors

Explaination:

[The condition for the three vectors \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) to be coplanar is \(\vec{a}\) = λ\(\vec{a}\) + μ\(\vec{b}\) where λ, μ are scalars. That is one vector is a Linear combination of the other two vectors.]

Question 8.
If ABCD is a parallelogram, then \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A B}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A D}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C B}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C D}}\) is equal to
(1) 2 \((\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A B}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A D}})\)
(2) 4 \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A C}}\)
(3) 4 \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B D}}\)
(4) \(\overrightarrow{0}\)
Answer:
(4) \(\overrightarrow{0}\)

Explaination:

Question 9.
One of the diagonals of parallelogram ABCD with \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) as adjacent sides is \(\vec{a}\) + \(\vec{b}\). The other diagonal BD is
(1) \(\vec{a}\) – \(\vec{b}\)
(2) \(\vec{b}\) – \(\vec{a}\)
(3) \(\vec{a}\) + \(\vec{b}\)
(4) \(\frac{\overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}}{2}\)
Answer:
(2) \(\vec{b}\) – \(\vec{a}\)

Explaination:

Question 10.
If \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\) are the vectors A and B, then which one o the following points whose position vector lies on AB, is
(1) \(\vec{a}\) + \(\vec{b}\)
(2) \(\frac{2 \vec{a}-\vec{b}}{2}\)
(3) \(\frac{2 \vec{a}+\vec{b}}{3}\)
(4) \(\frac{\vec{a}-\vec{b}}{3}\)
Answer:
(3) \(\frac{2 \vec{a}+\vec{b}}{3}\)

Explaination:

Question 11.
If \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) are the position vectors of three collinear points, then which of the following is true?
(1) \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}=\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}\)
(2) \(2 \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}=\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}\)
(3) \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}=\overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}\)
(4) \(4 \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}=0\)
Answer:
(2) \(2 \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}}=\overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}}\)

Explaination:

Question 12.
If \(\vec{r}\) = \(\frac{9 \vec{a}+7 \vec{b}}{16}\), then the point p whose position vector \(\vec{r}\) divides the line joining the points with position vectors \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) in the ratio
(1) 7 : 9 internally
(2) 9 : 7 internally
(3) 9 : 7 externally
(4) 7 : 9 externally
Answer:
(1) 7 : 9 internally

Explaination:

Question 13.
If λî + 2λĵ + 2λk̂ is a unit vector, then the value of λ is
(1) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(2) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(3) \(\frac{1}{9}\)
(4) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Answer:
(1) \(\frac{1}{3}\)

Explaination:

Question 14.
Two vertices of a triangle have position vectors 3î + 4ĵ – 4k̂ and 2î + 3ĵ + 4k̂. If the position vector of the centroid is î + 2ĵ + 3k̂, then the position vector of the third vertex is
(1) – 2î – ĵ + 9k̂
(2) – 2î – ĵ – 6k̂
(3) 2î – ĵ + 6k̂
(4) – 2î + ĵ + 6k̂
Answer:
(1) – 2î – ĵ + 9k̂

Explaination:
Let ABC be a triangle with centroid G. Given that

Question 15.

(1) 42
(2) 12
(3) 22
(4) 32
Answer:
(3) 22

Explaination:

Question 16.
If \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) having same magnitude and angle between them is 60° and their scalar product \(\frac{1}{2}\) is then |\(\vec{a}\)| is
(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 7
(4) 1
Answer:
(4) 1

Explaination:

Question 17.
The value of θ ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)) for which the vectors \(\vec{a}\) = (sin θ) î + (cos θ) ĵ and \(\vec{b}\) = î – √3ĵ + 2k̂ are perpendicular is equal to
(1) \(\frac{\pi}{3}\)
(2) \(\frac{\pi}{6}\)
(3) \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
(4) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
Answer:
(1) \(\frac{\pi}{3}\)

Explaination:

Question 18.

(1) 15
(2) 35
(3) 45
(4) 25
Answer:
(4) 25

Explaination:

Question 19.

(1) 225
(2) 275
(3) 325
(4) 300
Answer:
(4) 300

Explaination:

Question 20.
If \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) are two vectors of magnitude 2 and inclined at an angle 60°, then the angle between \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{a}\) + \(\vec{b}\) is
(1) 30°
(2) 60°
(3) 45°
(4) 90°
Answer:
(1) 30°

Explaination:

Question 21.
If the projection of 5î – ĵ – 3k̂ on the vector î + 3ĵ + λk̂ is same as the projection of î + 3ĵ + λk̂ on 5î – ĵ – 3k̂, then λ is equal to
(1) ± 4
(2) ± 3
(3) ± 5
(4) ± 1
Answer:
(3) ± 5

Explaination:

Question 22.
If (1, 2, 4) and (2, – 3λ – 3) are the initial and terminal points of the vector î + 5ĵ – 7k̂ then the value of λ is equal to
(1) \(\frac{7}{3}\)
(2) \(-\frac{7}{3}\)
(3) \(-\frac{5}{3}\)
(4) \(\frac{7}{3}\)
Answer:
(4) \(\frac{7}{3}\)

Explaination:


Equating the like terms
5 = – 3λ – 2
3λ = – 5 – 2 = – 7
λ = \(-\frac{7}{3}\)

Question 23.
If the points whose position vectors 10î + 3ĵ, 12î – 5ĵ and aî + 11ĵ are collinear then a is equal to
(1) 6
(2) 3
(3) 5
(4) 8
Answer:
(4) 8

Explaination:
The position vectors of the three points are

The condition for the three points A, B, C are collinear is the area of the triangle formed by these points is zero.

Question 24.

(1) 5
(2) 7
(3) 26
(4) 10
Answer:
(3) 26

Explaination:


(4x + 1) – 7 – (2 + x) = 70
4x + 1 – 7 – 2 – x = 70
3x – 8 = 70
3x = 70 + 8
3x = 78
x = \(\frac{78}{3}\) = 26

Question 25.
If \(\vec{a}\) = î + 2ĵ + 2k̂, |\(\vec{b}\)| = 5 and the angle between \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\) is \(\frac{\pi}{6}\), then the area of the triangle formed by these two vectors as two sides, is
(1) \(\frac{7}{4}\)
(2) \(\frac{15}{4}\)
(3) \(\frac{3}{4}\)
(4) \(\frac{17}{4}\)
Answer:
(2) \(\frac{15}{4}\)

Explaination:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Guide Pdf Poem 1 Once Upon A Time Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem 1 Once Upon A Time

11th English Guide Once Upon A Time Text Book Back Questions and Answers

1. Based on your understanding of the poem answer the following questions in one or two sentences each:

Question i.
What do you associate with the title of the poem?
Answer:
The title of the poem is associated with fables of the past when good prevailed not only in society but in the hearts of people.

Question ii.
What is the relationship between the narrator and the listener?
Answer:
The narrator is the father and the listener is his son.

Question iii.
What happens to the poet when he visits someone for the third time?
Answer:
The third time the poet visits someone, the door is shut on his face.

Question iv.
Pick out the expressions that indicate conflicting ideas.
Answer:

• To say “Goodbye” when one means “Good-riddance”
• To say “Glad to meet you” without being glad
• To say “It’s been nice talking to you” after being bored.

Question v.
How does the poet compare his face with dresses?
Answer:
One keeps changing the dresses every day according to fashion and season; Likewise, the author keeps changing his faces. He has a different face for office, home, friends, party, and street.

Question vi.
What does the poet mean when he says “goodbye”?
Answer:
He means “good-riddance” when he says “goodbye”.

Question vii.
What pleasantries does the poet use to fake cordiality?
Answer:
The poet says “glad to meet you” when the poet means the visit is disturbing him. When one’s talk is boring, The poet says, “It’s nice talking to you”. He says “Goodbye” when he actually wants to say “good riddance”. The poet says the above to fake cordiality.

Question viii.
What does he desire to unlearn and relearn?
Answer:
He desires to unlearn muting things and relearn real qualities of childhood.

Question ix.
How is the poet’s laugh reflected in the mirror?
Answer:
The poet’s laugh in the mirror shows only his teeth, not his heart or human warmth. The teeth appear like a snake’s fangs. The false laughter could conceal enough poison to kill a person.

Question x.
What does the poet long for?
Answer:
The poet longs for his childhood days that are innocent and happy.

Question xi.
Mention the qualities the child in the poem symbolizes.
Answer:
A child is guileless. He /she is innocent. He multiplies his joy and halves his sorrow by sharing them with friends. A child does not have lasting anger and is quick to forgive and forget wrongs done to him. His friendship is genuine and laughter natural and spontaneous.

2) Fill in the blanks choosing the words from the box given and complete the summary of the poem:

Question 1.
The poet Okara in this narrative monologue painfully condemns the (a) ______ displayed by adults, both in their words and actions. Here, a father laments to his son about the negative changes that creep into the attitude and behaviour of humans, when they grow into (b) ______. He says that people used to be (c)_______ when they laugh and the honesty would be reflected in their eyes. But, people of modern times laugh (d) ______. Their handshakes used to be warm and happy conveying a sense of togetherness, but nowadays the handshakes have become a mere (e) ______. He warns his son that people are not trust-worthy and have become so selfish that they are concerned only about their own (f)________ benefits.

People utter words of welcome and exchange (g) ______, but those words come only from the tip of their tongues and not from the depth of their hearts. Humans have learned the art of changing their (h) ______ expressions according to situations merely to ensure social acceptance. They wear (i) ______ and exhibit multiple faces. The narrator admits that he has also changed into a hypocrite. However, he tells his son that though he (j)_______ his expressions, he does all these against his will. He says he wants to become a (k) ______ again and laugh genuinely.

He wants to (l)______ the unreal things and (m) how to laugh as he had done once upon a time. When he laughs before the (n) ______, he sees no expression. His teeth are bare like that of the (o)_______ of a snake. So, he asks his son to show him how to laugh the way he used to laugh when he was a kid like him.

Answer:
a) Duplicity
b) adults
c) genuine
d) superficially
e) falsity
f) personal
g) pleasantries
h) facial
i) masks
j) fakes
k) child
l) unlearn
m) relearn
n) mirror
o) fangs

3a) Interpret each of the expressions used in the poem in one or two lines:

Question i.
Laugh with their eyes.
Answer:
Eyes are the windows of the soul, so when one laughs heartily and with true feelings, it gets reflected in their eyes.

Question ii.
Shake hands without hearts.
Answer:
It is a handshake that does not show warmth but a routine formality.

Question iii.
Like a fixed portrait smile.
Answer:
A smile that remains fixed and does not change with personal feelings and moods.

Question iv.
Hands search my empty pockets.
Answer:
In society at present relationships are measured in terms of how much money/power one has.

Question v.
To unlearn all these muting things.
Answer:
Getting rid of falseness in one’s behavior makes one laugh unpleasant.

3b) Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any form of the following:

i) But now they only laugh with their teeth
While their ice-block- cold eyes

Question a.
Who are they?
Answer:
They refer to the people of modern times.

Question b.
Explain ice-block – cold – eyes
Answer:
It means modern people greet each other with a laugh, which does not reach the eyes. In short, the eyes lack a feeling of warmth.

Question c.
Identify the figure of speech used here.
Answer:
The figure of speech used here is a metaphor.

ii) Most of all, I want to relearn
How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror Shows only my teeth like a Snake’s bare fangs !’

Question a.
Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh?
Answer:
The poet wants to get rid of falseness in his behaviour. So he wants to relearn how to behave in a natural way.

Question b.
Whom does the poet want to relearn from?
Answer:
The poet wants to relearn from his son.

Question c.
Mention figure of speech used here.
Answer:
The figure of speech used here is Simile.

Additional Appreciation Questions:

(i) Once upon a time, son
They used to laugh with their hearts And laugh with their eyes:

Question a.
Who does ‘they’ refer to?
Answer:
They refer to the people of the present world.

Question b.
How did they laugh?
Answer:
They laugh with their hearts and eyes.

(ii) There was a time indeed
They used to shake hands with their hearts.
But that’s gone, son
Now they shake hands without hearts
Write their hands search
My empty pockets.

Question a.
When did people shake their hands with hearts?
Answer:
People shook hands with their hearts before the arrival of modernism.

Question b.
What does the phrase ‘Search my empty pockets’ mean?
Answer:
Search my empty pockets means evaluating a poet’s worth.

(iii) “I have learned to wear many faces”
And I have learned too
To laugh with only my teeth.
And shake hands without my heart.

Question a.
What did the poet learn to wear?
Answer:
The poet learned to wear many faces.

Question b.
Find out the alliterated words
Answer:
hands-heart

(iv) So, show me, son
How to laugh; show me how used to laugh and smile.

Question a.
Whom does the poet ask to show?
Answer:
The poet asks his son to show how to laugh.

Question b.
What does he want to learn from his son?
Answer:
He wants to learn how to laugh.

Figure of Speech:

C. Explain the following with reference to the context:

i) Once upon a time, son
They used to laugh with their eyes:

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Once upon a time”, poet – “Gabriel Okara”.
Context:
The poet says these words while explaining the behaviour of the people in the past.
Explanation:
The poet tells his son about the behaviour of people in the olden days. He remembers a time when people had true feelings for one another. They would laugh from the heart which reaches their eyes with the same warm feeling. They meet one another with genuine feeling.

ii) There will be no thrice

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Once upon a time”, poet – “Gabriel Okara”.
Context:
The poet brings out the sarcastic feeling through this line.
Explanation:
The poet says that today in the modern world people receive their guests and say come again and ask them to feel at home. But those words do not come from their heart. When the guests visit them once or twice they will be given a warm welcome. When it continues for the third time the doors of the people remain shut for the guest.

iii) I have learned to wear my faces
Like dresses ……………

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Once upon a time”, poet – “Gabriel Okara”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the innate changes in him.
Explanation:
The poet changes his behaviour according to the situation which prevails at that time and slowly disappears his natural behaviour. In this context, he compares his change of behaviour with that of changing dresses suitable for different occasions.

iv) I want to be what I used to be.

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “Once upon a time”, poet – “Gabriel Okara”.
Context:
The poet said these words while expressing his longing desire for his childhood days.
Explanation:
The poet has a deep desire to go back to the innocence of childhood. He is dissatisfied with his own changed self. He wants to relearn how to behave in a natural way and wants to get rid of his fake behaviour. In this context, he uttered the above words.

4. Answer the following questions in about 100-150 words each:

Question I.
Explain the things the poet has learned when he grew into an adult.
Answer:
The poet has learned many fake attitudes and behaviour when he grew into an adult. As he has to thrive in society, he is forced to wear a face mask. The poet feels that he behaves differently in different situations. He behaves differently in the office compared to the way he behaves at a party, or on the street. In this context, he feels that he changes his face like that of changing dresses on different occasions. This fact gets conveyed through the lines

I have learned to wear many faces Like dresses

The poet is sure that the different face that he puts on is not his real face. He also learned to have an artificial smile on all occasions. He learned to say things that he doesn’t really mean because they are the correct things to say in that situation.

For example, He sometimes politely greets a person by saying “Glad to meet you” even though he may not be interested in meeting him or her. He also learned to laugh only with teeth which is expressionless and shake hands without his heart which makes it a routine formality. He feels sad that like other adults in today’s world he has forgotten how to be a natural person.

Question II.
This poem is nothing but criticism of modern life. Justify this statement.
Answer:
The poem ‘Once Upon A Time’ is for sure considered a criticism of modern life. Throughout the poem, the poet laments about the fake behaviour of the people in the present day. They do not laugh wholeheartedly and their hands shake has no warmth in it. Everything seems to be a mere formality.

In society at present relationships are measured in terms of how much money one has. People utter Words of welcome and exchange pleasantries but those words come only from the tip of their tongues and not from the tip of their hearts. They have also learned the art of changing their facial expressions according to situations merely to ensure social acceptance.

Moreover, their smiles are “Like a fixed portrait smile” which has no specific expressions in it. They are not trust-worthy and have become so selfish that they are concerned only about their own personal benefits. Even when they utter words of a good deed they mean something else in their mind which clearly gets conveyed from the lines.

To say Glad to meet you without being glad;
Thus it is made clear that the poem is just a criticism of modern life.

Question III.
“Face is the index of the mind” Does this adage concur with the views of the poet?
Answer:
The face is described as the index of mind since it evidently reflects the inner feelings of an individual. It produces sentiments, thoughts, and emotional feelings in a very strong way as compared to other parts of the body. Some scholars see the face as an advertisement of real occurrences deep in the mind.

In this poem ‘Once Upon A Time,’ the poet brings forth the falsity of the people who does not get revealed in their face in any way. They change their facial expressions according to situations merely to ensure social acceptance. They wear masks and exhibit multiple faces. The lines – home face, office face, street face, host face, the cocktail face reveals the above fact.

Even when they utter words of pleasantries they have something else in their mind which does not get revealed in their face. They say “It’s been nice talking to you”, after being bored. Thus the above facts clearly reveal that the adage “ Face is the index of the mind” does not concur with the views of the poet.

கவிஞரைப் பற்றி:

கேப்ரியேல் ஒக்காரா (Gabriel Okara) 1921 ம் ஆண்டு பிறந்த நைஜீரிய கவிஞரும், புதின எழுத்தாளரும் ஆவார். இவருடைய கவிதைகள் அதிகமான மொழிகளில் மொழிபெயர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. The call of the river nun என்ற இவரது கவிதை நூல் நைஜீரிய இலக்கிய விழாவில் சிறந்த இலக்கிய விருதை 1953 ல் பெற்றுள்ளது.

இவரின் சில கவிதைகள் Black Orpheus என்ற புத்தகத்தில் வெளிவந்ததன் மூலம் 1960ல் தலைச்சிறந்த எழுத்தாளராக உருவாக்கிக் கொண்டவர்.ஆகவே இவருக்கு Commonwealth கவிஞர் விருதும் வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

ஒக்காராவின் கவிதைகள் மக்களின் எதார்த்த வாழ்வைப்பற்றி தொடங்கி, மகிழ்ச்சியான தருணங்களை சொல்லி மீண்டும் எதார்த்த வாழ்க்கைக்கு இட்டுச் செல்வதாக அமைந்திருக்கும். ஒக்காரா தன்னுடைய கவிதையிலும், உரை நடையிலும் ஆப்ரிக்காவின் சிந்தனைகள், கிராமிய வழக்கு ஆகியவற்றை எடுத்துயம்புவதாக உருவாக்கியிருக்கிறார்.

The voice இவரின் மிகச்சிறந்த படைப்பு. The Fisherman’s invocation (1978), Little snake and Little frog (1981) An adventure to Juju Island (1992) ஆகியவை இவரின் சிறந்த படைப்புகள்.

கவிதையைப் பற்றி:

இக்கவிதை ஒரு தந்தை தன் மகனிடம் பேசுவதாக ஒக்காரா அமைந்திருக்கிறார். கவிதையாளர் தான் சிறுவயதாக இருக்கும் போது கற்றுக் கொண்ட நல்ல பழக்க வழக்கத்தையும், சிறு குழந்தைகளின் நல்ல உள்ளத்தையும் அதிகமாக நேசிப்பதாகவும், தானும் அந்த சிறுவயதான குழந்தைபோல் மகிழ வேண்டுமென்றும், இப்போது உள்ள உலக மாயையை வெருப்பதாகவும் தன் எளிய நடையில் தன் மகனிடம் கூறுகிறார்.

Once Upon a Time Summary in Tamil

மகனே, முன்னொரு காலத்தில்
இனிமையான இதயத்தோடும்
நேரிய அன்பு பார்வையோடும் புன்னகைத்தார்கள்
ஆனால் இப்போதோ வெறும் உதட்டளவில் புன்னகைக்கிறார்கள்,

அவர்களது நேசமில்லா கண்கள்
உள்ளொன்று வைத்து புறமொன்று பேசுகின்றன.
உண்மையில் ஒரு காலம் இருந்தது
அவர்கள் தங்கள் இதய அன்போடு கைகுலுக்கிக் கொண்டார்கள்

ஆனால் மகனே அவை தற்போது இல்லை
தற்போது மனம் இல்லாமல் கைகுலுக்கிக் கொள்கிறார்கள்
அவர்கள் இடது கைகள்
காலியாக உள்ள என் பைகளை துழாவுகின்றன.

உங்கள் வீடாக கருதுங்கள், மறுபடியும் வாருங்கள்
மனிதர்கள் சொல்கிறார்கள், நானும் வரும்போதெல்லாம் என் வீடாக கருதினேன்
திரும்பவும் சென்றேன், வீட்டைப் போல்
உணர்ந்தேன், முதல் முறை, இரண்டாம்முறை

ஆனால் மூன்றாவது முறை
அவர்கள் எனக்கு கதவுகளை மூடிக்கொண்டார்கள்.
அதனால் நான் பலபாடங்களை கற்றுக்கொண்டேன், மகனே
நான் ஆடைகள் போன்று பல முகங்களை

அணிய கற்றுக்கொண்டேன் – வீட்டின் முகம்,
அலுவலக முகம், தெரு முகம், தொகுப்பாளர் முகம்
கவலை உணர்ச்சிகளை காட்டும் முகம், நிலையான உருவப்பட புன்னகைப்போல்
அப்புன்னகை நிலையான ஏமாற்றமும் செயற்கையாக இருந்தது.

நானும் கற்றக்கொண்டேன்
செயற்கையாக சிரித்துக்கொள்ள கற்றுக்கொண்டேன்
மனம்மில்லாமல் கைகுலுக்கிக் கொண்டேன்
“பிரியாவிடை (good bye) சொல்ல கற்றுக்கொண்டேன்

“ஒழிந்தது நல்லதே” என நினைக்கும் இடத்தில்:
”சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி என சொல்ல வேண்டியிருந்தது
மகிழ்ச்சியாக இல்லாமல் அவர்களிடம் “உங்களோடு
பேசுவதில் மகிழ்ச்சி அடைகிறேன் என சலிப்புடன் பொய் கூறினேன்.

சந்தித்தது மகிழ்ச்சியாக உள்ளது” என சலித்து பொய் கூறினர்
ஆனால் நம்பு மகனே
நான் உன்னைப்போல் இருக்கும்போது
நான் எனக்கு பிடித்ததை செய்வேன்

எல்லாவற்றையும் மிகைப்படுத்திக் கூறும் செயல்களை
கற்காமல் இருக்க, நான் திரும்பவும்
சிரிக்க கற்றுக்கொண்டேன், கண்ணாடியில் சிரிக்க,
உதட்டளவில் பாம்பின் விஷம் கொண்ட பற்கள் போல.

மகனே என்னிடம் காட்டு
எப்படி மகிழ (சிரிக்க) வேண்டும் என்று; என்னிடம் வெளிப்படுத்து
நான் எவ்வாறு புன்னகைத்தேன் என்று
அன்றோரு காலம் நான் மகிழ்ந்தது போல்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 6 The Accidental Tourist Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Prose Chapter 6 The Accidental Tourist

11th English Guide The Accidental Tourist Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Give a few instances of Bryson’s confusing acts.
Answer:
Whenever he went looking for the lavatory in a cinema he used to stand in an alley on the wrong side of a self-locking door. For getting his room number while staying in a hotel, he often visited the hotel desks.

Question 2.
What were the contents of the bag?
Answer:
The contents of the bag were a frequent flyer cards, newspaper cuttings, loose papers, tobacco pipes, magazines, passports, English money, and film.

Question 3.
Describe the fluttery cascade of things tumbling from the bag.
Answer:
Documents came raining down, coins bounced to a variety of noisy oblivions, and the lidless
tobacco rolled crazily disgorging its contents.

Question 4.
Why did the author’s concern over tobacco shift to his finger?
Answer:
When the author saw the racing tobacco box disgorging its content, he worried about the need to buy expensive tobacco in England. But when he saw his own bleeding finger that he had gashed while forcefully opening the jammed zip, he shifted his cry to his finger.

Question 5.
What happened to Bryson when he leaned to tie his shoelace?
Answer:
When he learned to tie his shoelace someone in the seat ahead of him threw his seat back to relax and he found himself pinned in the crash position.

Question 6.
How did Bryson free himself from the crash position?
Answer:
Bryson was able to disentangle himself only by clawing the leg of the man sitting next to him.

Question 7.
Give a brief account of the embarrassing situation of Bryson when he knocked down the drink.
Answer:
Bryson knocked down twice the soft drink onto the lap of a sweet little lady sitting beside him twice. He didn’t know how it happened repeatedly.

Question 8.
What was Bryson’s worst accident on a plane?
Answer:
During one of the flights, the author was jotting down his thoughts on a notebook. The important thoughts reflected how well he behaves in public places. His recorded thoughts were, “buy socks”, “clutch drinks carefully”. He was sucking the pen thoughtfully. He was oblivious of the fact that the pen was leaking. The leaked ink had left scrub-resistant navy blue on his mouth, gum, chin, tongue, and teeth for several days.

Question 9.
What did Bryson wish to avoid in his life?
Answer:
Bryson wished to avoid seismic event while rising from a dining table, leaving 14 inches of coat outside while getting into a car and dirtying light-colored trousers.

Question 10.
How would stay away from liquid mischief benefit Bryson?
Answer:
Staying away from liquid mischief would naturally reduce the expense on laundry bills.

B. Answer in about three to four sentences:

Question 1.
Why doesn’t Bryson seem to be able to do easily what others seem to? Give a few reasons.
Answer:
Bryson does not seem to do what others do easily because he gets confused very easily. He is also a man of forgetfulness.

Question 2.
What was the reaction of Bryson’s wife to his antics?
Answer:
Mrs. Bryson saw the quixotic behaviour of her husband. She was neither angry nor exasperated. But she just expressed her deep sense of wonder. She said, ‘I can’t believe you do this for a living”.

Question 3.
Briefly describe the ‘accidents’ encountered on the flight by Bryson.
Answer:
Once when he leaned over to tie a shoelace, he was pinned helplessly in the crash position when someone in the seat ahead of him threw his seat back to relax. The most embarrassing situation was when he knocked down a soft drink onto the lap of a lady repeatedly. The worst experience was sucking his pen thoughtfully without knowing that it was leaking and that his mouth, chin, tongue, teeth, and gums remained navy blue for several days.

C. Based on your understanding of the text, answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 100-150 words:

Question 1.
‘To this day, I don’t know how I did it’ – What does ‘it’ refer to?
Answer:
Once, the author knocked a soft drink onto the lap of a sweet little lady sitting beside him. The flight attendant came and cleaned her up and brought him a replacement drink. Instantly he knocked ‘it’ onto the woman again. To this day, the author does not remember how he spilled the drink twice on the same lady passenger seated next to him in the aeroplane.

He just remembers reaching out for the new drink and watch helplessly as his arm, like some cheap prop in one of those 1950 horror movies with a name swept the drink from its perch and onto her lap. The sweet lady was an mm. She looked at him with a stupefied expression. She uttered an oath that started with oh! and ended with sake. In between, she used some words the author had never heard before in public.

“I don’t know what is messier, my room, or my life.”

Question 2.
‘But, when it’s my own-well, I think hysterics are fully justified’- How?
Answer:
It is a general fact that we human beings never worry much when something disastrous happens to others. At the same time, it hurts us a lot when the same situation is being faced by us. The same is the feeling of Bill Bryson when there was a cut on his finger. When he was about to open his carry-on bag for taking out the card, the zip got jammed. He enforced his utmost effort to open it.

Because of this incident, there was a deep cut on his finger out of which blood started shedding out in a lavish manner. He never bothered about the flow of blood when it was for others. But now he was there in panic mode and felt like crying in an uncontrollable manner. This clearly justifies the statement But, when it’s my own – well, I think hysterics are fully justified’.

Question 3.
Bring out the pun in the title “The Accidental Tourist”.
Answer:
The title “accidental tourist” implies that a man travels a lot and is always confused. He gets into trouble because of his unintentional acts and clumsiness. He does not happen to travel by accident because he should buy a ticket, go to the airport, and board the aircraft with a careful plan. But during his travel, he does meet with numerable accidents.

The latter interpretation is very apt for the author. The story depicts many humorous travel experiences like being pinned in a crash position in his own seat by a fellow passenger, spilling a drink on a co-passenger, making his own teeth, gum, chin and tongue scrub-resistant navy blue by his unwise mannerism of sucking the pen, while thinking. The author accidentally gets into trouble often. Hence the pun in the use of “accidental” is pertinent.

“Fill your life with adventures, not things Have stories to tell, not stuff to show.”

Question 4.
Can a clumsy person train himself/herself to overcome shortcomings? How this could be done.
Answer:
No man is perfect in this world. There may be shortcomings in their life in one way or the other. There is no use feeling worried about it. On the other hand, one must think of some fruitful ideas to overcome those shortcomings. In this story, we come to know that Bryson often forgets the room number of his stay. A person like him can tackle such a situation by noting down the important dates, numbers, and their schedule in their diary.

A person like him gets confused just because of nervousness. It is their over-excitement that makes them do everything in a haphazard way. This can be controlled if they practice doing meditation regularly Nothing is difficult. Everything lies in the hands of the clumsy person who likes to come out of it ‘Practice makes a man perfect’ .If he practices doing the above-said ideas, naturally he can overcome his shortcomings to a great extend.

Question 5.
As a fellow passenger of Bill Bryson on the flight, make a diary entry describing his clumsy behaviour during the trip and the inconveniences caused to others as a result of his nervousness.
Answer:
On that fateful day, I was standing in front of the check-in counter just behind a crazy man. He was making odd movements with his hands. It appeared that he was trying to open something. He had yanked the zip of his bag open. It spilled ejecting all the important contents. The funny thing was, the funnyman was running behind a tin of tobacco which had already disgorged its content. Then he suddenly cried, “My finger”. Maybe he had hurt his finger. The funniest side of the whole episode was that he ignored his passport, currency, coins, and other fluttering travel documents. I had my sincere sympathy with the man but I couldn’t help laughing noiselessly because the fellow was really eccentric.

He did not have a sense of proportion. He gave importance to trifles and ignored the major things lying down fluttering in the corridor of the airport. During his flight, he disgorged/spilled the contents of his drink and profusely tendered his apology to the lady next to him. He appeared as real as a buffoon when he appeared sheepish with navy blue ink smeared on his gum, teeth, chin, and tongue. It reminded me of a lion-faced monkey.

Reading:

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Caesar, the Hero of Mumbai on 26/11:

1. Mumbai: Caesar, the last surviving hero of his kind, died of a heart attack on Thursday. Caesar, a Labrador Retriever, was covered with tri-colour and given an emotional farewell from the city Police Force. The Mumbai Police Commissioner too marked the passing of the hero with a tweet.

2. Caesar, who was 11 years old was the sole survivor among the dogs of Mumbai Police who took part in bomb detection operations during the terrorist attack on Mumbai that began on November 26, 2008. He died of a heart attack at a farm in Virar where he and his three canine buddies had been sent after retirement. During the terror attack in Mumbai, Caesar saved several lives when he sniffed out the hand grenades left by the terrorists at the busy CST railway station.

3. Caesar was also a part of the search team at Nariman House, where terrorists were holed up for three days. Earlier he was also pressed into service for bomb search operation after the 2006 serial train blasts and July 2017 blast in Mumbai. The Mumbai police officials also tweeted their grief saying, “Services of retired members of Dog Squad during 26/11 will be unforgettable. We will remember our heroes forever:’’

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Labrador retriever was covered with tri-colour. What does this signify?
Answer:
It signifies that Caesar was given due respect by the government during its funeral Ceremony.

Question 2.
How did Caesar save several lives at the CST railway station?
Answer:
He saved several lives by sniffing out the busy CST railway station.

Question 3.
Which word in the passage (paragraph 3) means the same as ‘force’.
Answer:
The word which means the same as ‘forced’ is pressed.

Question 4.
“Services of retired members of Dog Squad during 26/11 will be unforgettable”. Mention three services rendered by Caesar.
Answer:
Caesar took part in bomb detection operations during the terrorist attack on Mumbai in 2008. He sniffed out the hand grenades and saved the lives of many people at CST railway station.

Question 5.
Caesar is a Labrador breed of dogs. Name a few other native breeds that are used by the Police force.
Answer:
He was also a part of the search team at Nariman house where terrorists were hold up for 3 days.

Question 6.
Try to rewrite the news item in your mother tongue without losing the spirit and flavour of the text. Give a suitable title to your translated version.
Answer:
German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Boxers, Doberman Pinscher, Blood hound and Giant Schnauzer.

ஆசிரியரைப் பற்றி:

அமேரிக்காவில், அயோவா மாகாணத்தில், 1951ல் பிறந்த இவர் ஒரு ஆங்கிலோ அமேரிக்கா இனத்தவர் ஆவார். இவரது தாய் ஐரிஷ் இனத்தவர். இவர் பெரும்பாலான காலத்தை இங்கிலாந்திலேயே கழித்துள்ளார்.

இவர் ஐரோப்பாவை சுற்றிப்பார்த்து அதன் அனுபவங்களை வைத்துக்கொண்டு, புத்தகங்கள் எழுதியுள்ளார். அமேரிக்காவில் உள்ள ட்ரேக் பல்கலைகழகத்தின் வேந்தராக பணியாற்றியுள்ளார். Notes from a small Island neither here nor there, Travels in Europe போன்றவை இவரின் படைப்புகள் ஆகும்.

பாடத்தைப் பற்றி:

நம்மில் ஒருசிலர் நம்முடைய சிறு தவறுகளால் சிக்களில் மாட்டிக் கொள்கிறோம். இது நாமே தேடிக் கொள்வது. பெரும்பாலும் நம்மில் சிலர், தங்களின் ஞாபக மறதியின் காரணமாக நமக்கு துன்பத்தை தேடிக்கொள்கிறோம்.

இதனால் நாம் அடையும் துன்பங்களை இந்த கட்டுரையின் ஆசிரியர் பில் பிரைசன் நகைச்சுவையுடன் விளக்குகிறார். தனது விமானப்பயணங்களின் போது, தான் சந்திக்கும் சிறு நெருக்கடிகளை தனக்கே உரித்தான நகைச்சுவையுடன் அவர் விளக்குவது இக்கட்டுரையின் தனிச்சிறப்பு.

The Accidental Tourist Summary in Tamil

எல்லாவற்றிலும் நான் மிகவும் சிறந்தவன் அல்ல, உண்மையான உலகத்தில் வாழ்வது மிகவும் சிறந்தது. சில மக்கள் தெளிவாக சிரமம்மின்றி செய்வதை நினைத்து நான் ஆச்சரியப்படுகிறேன். அது எனக்கு நன்றாக உள்ளது.

உதாரணமாக, நான் தியேட்டரில் கழிப்பறை தேடி செல்லும் போது கடைசியில் ஒரு சந்தில் (Alley) தானியங்கி கதவின் முன் நின்றிருப்பேன், நான் தினமும் மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு முறை ஹோட்டல் மேசைக்கு திரும்பி வந்து எனது அறை எண்ணை கேட்டு செல்வேன். நான் குட்டையாக (குள்ளமாக) இருப்பதால் எளிதில் குழம்பிவிடுவேன்.

நான் கடைசியாக எனது குடும்பத்துடன் பெரிய ஒரு சுற்றுலா பயணத்திற்கு சென்றதை நினைத்துக் கொண்டிருந்தேன். அது (Easter) காலம், ஒரு வார காலம் நாங்கள் இங்கிலாந்து சென்றோம். நாங்கள் Bostonல் உள்ள (logan) விமான நிலையத்தில் டிக்கெட் சரிபார்த்து கொண்டிருந்தோம்.

அப்போது திடீரென பிரிட்டிஸ் விமானப்படையின் flyer திட்டத்தில் சேர்ந்தது நினைவுக்கு வந்தது. அதன் அட்டையில் (card) என் பையில் வைத்திருப்பது ஞாபகம் வந்தது. அது என் கழுத்தை சுற்றி இருந்ததும் நினைவில் வந்தது. அங்கு தான் பிரச்சனை தொடங்கியது.

என் பையின் ஜிப்பை திறக்கமுடியவில்லை . ஆதலால், அதை அதிக அழுத்தம் (jerk) (yanked) கொண்டு இழுத்தேன். அதை சில மணித்துளிகள் அழுத்தம் கொடுத்து இழுத்தேன். ஆனால் அதை திறக்கமுடியவில்லை. ஆதலால் மிக கடினமாக மிகுந்த உறுமல்லுடன் இழுத்தேன்.

திடீரென அந்த ஜிப் வழிவிட்டது. ஒரு வழியில் அந்த பையில் இருந்தது. செய்தித்தாள் துண்டுகள் மற்றும் இதர காகிதங்கள், 14 ounce குழாய், புகையிலை டின், பத்திரிக்கைகள் பாஸ்போர்ட், ஆங்கில ரூபாய்கள், படம் – ஆடம்பரமான டென்னிஸ் கோர்ட் ஆகிய அனைத்தும் வெளியே வந்தது.

நூறு வரிசைப்படுத்தப்பட்ட ஆவணங்கள் கவனமான (fluttery) நீர் வீழ்ச்சி (cascade) போல் கீழே இறைச்சலோடு இயங்குவதை (dumb struck) கண்டேன். நாணயங்கள் பல்வேறு சப்தங்களை எழுப்பியது புகையிலை டப்பாவின் தகரம் நீண்டு வழியிலேயே (concourse) சிதறப்போயிருந்தது. அதன் உள்பொருளை வெளியே பரப்பிவிட்டு வெறுமையாக்கியது.

”எனது புகையிலை” என வருந்தினேன், நான் புகையிலைக்கு இங்கிலாந்தில் அதிகமாக செலவழிக்க வேண்டுமே? என மனதில் வந்து சென்றது. பிறகு “என் விரல்! என் விரல்! எனது விரல் பையின் ஜிப்பில் பட்டு ஆழமாக கீரல் விழுந்ததால் கத்தினேன். அது விலைமதிப்பற்ற இரத்தத்தை வெளியிட்டது. (அதாவது நான் இரத்தத்தை சிந்துவதில் நல்லவன் அல்ல, ஆனால் அது என்னுடையது.

வளிப்பு நோய் (Hysterics) உள்ளோர் இதை நியாயப்படுத்துவார்கள் என நினைக்கிறேன். இந்த நேரத்தில் எனது மனைவி பதற்றத்துடன் – கோபம், எரிச்சல் இல்லாமல் ஆனால் சிறிய திகைப்புடன் “நீங்கள் வாழ்வதற்கு இப்படிச் செய்வீர்கள் என நான் நம்பவில்லை,” என்று சொன்னாள்.

ஆனால், நான் கொஞ்சம் பயந்தேன். எதிர்பாராத (catastrophes) நிகழ்வுகள் பயணத்தின் போது நிகழும். ஒரு முறை விமானத்தில், நான் கீழே குனிந்து எனது shoe lace யை மாட்டிக்கொண்டிருந்தேன், சற்று நேரத்தில் எனது முன் இருக்கையில் இருந்தவர் பின்னாக முழுவதுமாக சாய்ந்தார்.

எனது அருகே இருந்தவர் கால்களை இருபக்கமும் போட்டுக் கொண்டார். நானும் அவரிடம் இருந்து விடுதலை பெற நினைத்தேன். எனது விமான பயணத்தில் இது மட்டுமே எனது மோசமான அனுபவங்கள் அல்ல.

எனது முக்கியமான எண்ணங்களை நான் புத்தகங்களில் எழுதுவதே எனது மோசமான தருணங்கள். (சாக்ஸ் வாங்க கிளட்ச் பானங்கள் கவனமாக….) யோசித்துக்கொண்டு பேனா நுனியை வாயில் வைத்து உறிஞ்சினேன். எனது அருகே உள்ள சிறுவயது பெண்மணியின் உரையாடலில் மூழ்கினேன்.

20 நிமிடங்கள் அவளை தொடர்ந்து பார்த்துக் கொண்டிருந்தேன். பின்னர் கழிப்பறை நோக்கி சென்றான். அப்போது தான் நான் பார்த்தேன் பேனாவின் மை என் வாய், கண்ணம், நாக்கு, பல் மற்றும் ஈறுகள் அனைத்திலும் தெரிந்தது. Navy blue, பல நாட்களாய் என் வாயிலிருந்து போகாமல் இருந்தது.

நான் சிறந்த பண்பாளனாய் (suave) இருக்க எவ்வளவு சிரமப்படுகிறேன் என நீங்கள் உணர்ந்திருப்பீர்கள் என நான் நம்புகிறேன். டைனிங் டேபிள் இருந்து பார்க்காமல் ஒரு Besimicevent செய்தேனே என முயற்சி செய்து பார்க்க வேண்டும்.

எனது 14 இன்ச் கோர்ட்டை மறவாமல் எடுத்துவந்து காரில் ஏறி ஜன்னலை சாத்த வேண்டும். மெல்லிய நிறங்களைக் கொண்ட ஆடைகள் அணிந்து அந்த நாள் இறுதிவரை, நான் முன்பு செய்தது போல் chewing Gum, Ice cream, cough syrup and motor oil செய்யக்கூடாது. ஆனால், அது அவ்வாறு நடக்காது.

இப்போது விமானத்தில் உணவு உபசரிக்கப்படுகிறது. “அப்பாவின் சாப்பாட்டு மூடியை திறங்கள்” அல்லது “உங்கள் தலைகளை மூடுங்கள் குழந்தைகளே அப்பா தற்போது அவரது உணவை சாப்பிட போகிறார்.

என என் மனைவி கூறுகிறாள் “ஆம், நான் என் குடும்பத்துடன் பறக்கும் போது நடப்பது. நான் தனியாக செல்லும் போது சாப்பிட, குடிக்க எனது shoe lace கட்ட முயற்சிக்க மாட்டேன்.

எனது வாயின் அருகே பேனாவை கொண்டு செல்ல மாட்டேன். நான் மிகமிக அமைதியாக இருப்பேன். சிலநேரம் என்கையில் இருந்து வடியும் நீரே எனக்கு பிரச்சனையைக் கொடுக்கும். இது சிரிப்பிற்குரிய விஷயம் அல்ல, ஆனால் இவையனைத்தும் எனது லாண்டரி பில்லில் சேர்க்கப்படும்.

என்னுடைய அன்றாட flyer milesயை நான் இன்னும் பெறவில்லை. நான் செய்தது இல்லை. எனது கார்டை-நேரத்திற்கு என்னால் பெற முடியாது. எனக்கு தெரிந்த அனைவரும் – Bali-க்கு முதல் வகுப்பு ஏர் மைல்ஸ் செல்கின்றனர். என்னால் எதையும் பெறமுடியவில்லை . நான் வருடத்தில் 100,000 மைல்கள் பறப்பேன், ஆனால் 23 ஏர் லைன்கள் மூலம் மொத்தம் 212 air miles உள்ளன.

இது எனது கவன கோளாறு. நான் ஞாபகம் செய்தும் அது பதிவு செய்யப்படவில்லை . எழுத்தரிடம் கேட்டபோது அவர் எனக்கு இதில் உரிமை இல்லை என்றும் தெரிவித்தார். ஜனவரி, ஆஸ்திரேலியா விமானத்தில் இந்த விமானத்தில் zillion air miles பெறப்போகிறது – நான் எனது கார்டை எழுத்தரிடம் கொடுக்கும்போது அவள் தலை நிமிர்ந்து பார்த்து இதில் “யாருக்கும் உரிமை இல்லை,” என்றாள்.

“ஏன்”?
இந்த டிக்கெட் B. Bryzon பேரிலும் அந்த கார்டு W. Bryzon பேரில் உள்ளது.

நான் அவளிடம் விவரித்து Bill மற்றும் William பற்றிய மதிப்புகளை (value) பற்றி எடுத்துக் கூறினேன், ஆனால் அவள் அதை ஏற்கவில்லை.

அதனால் எனது air miles யை பெற வில்லை , முதல் வகுப்பில் என்னால் Bali-க்கு பயணம் செல்ல முடியவில்லை. இருந்தாலும் நல்லதுதான், இவ்வளவு தூரம் என்னால் சாப்பிடாமல் இருக்க முடியாது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 5 The Convocation Address Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Prose Chapter 5 The Convocation Address

11th English Guide The Convocation Address Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Textual Inside Questions:

Question 1.
What does the speaker try to covey in the beginning of his speech?
Answer:
The speaker tries to convey that he is going to repeat some of the key principles spoken by some eminent personalities in the past years.

Question 2.
How can a university trim and train guide and lead a person to function better in society?
Answer:
A university can trim and train a person by making him realize his duty as a citizen of a democracy. It has to fashion out of him an individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective.

Question 3.
According to Dr. S. Radhakrishnan universities ensure the democratic way of life for future generations how?
Answer:
Universities ensure the democratic way of life by mere appreciation of others points of view and adjustment of differences through discussions. It is kept healthy by individual responsibility. Universities make a person recall the struggles of the past and realize the dangers and challenges of the present.

Question 4.
List the contributions of the educated youth to society.
Answer:
Educated youth must render their service in toning up the society, in bringing light into the dark alleys, sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted, hope into the despondent and a new life unto everyone.

A. Answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two:

Question 1.
Who does the speaker claim to represent?
Answer:
The speaker claims to represent the common man.

Question 2.
Why are universities necessary for a society?
Answer:
Universities are necessary because they impart wisdom and service to an individual and equip him for the task of bettering society in all its age.

Question 3.
What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days?
Answer:
In olden days scholars and poets adorn the chambers of royalty or the gilded mansions of lords. Their wisdom was meant for high society people not for common man.

Question 4.
In what ways have universities improved society?
Answer:
Universities are the repositories of knowledge and the nursing ground for emissaries of thought, wisdom, and service. They equip individuals in the task of bettering society. Universities have in fact eschewed monarchy and autocracy and have initiated the era of democracy. Thus universities have helped society.

Question 5.
Universities develop broad-mindedness. How does Dr. Radha Krishnan drive home this idea?
Answer:
Universities develop the true spirit of democracy. It develops good qualities such as appreci¬ating others points of view and having healthy discussions etc.

Question 6.
What should the youngsters aim in life after graduation?
Answer:
The immediate aim is to acquire the means for a decent living but they are highly indebted to the community which they should replenish richly.

Question 7.
How can a graduate give back to his/her society?
Answer:
A graduate can give back in terms of service like toning up society, bringing light into the dark alleys sunshine into dingy places, and solace into the afflicted.

B. Answer in three or four sentences:

Question 1.
‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place’ What does this statement signify?
Answer:
This statement signifies that knowledge, in the olden days was meant only for high society peo¬ple and not for the common or downtrodden ones.

Question 2.
According to the speaker, how should universities mould the students of the present day?
Answer:
The universities mould the students by putting a task before them which demands patience and perseverance, faith in himself and others, and confidence in his inherent ability to shoul¬der the responsibilities.

Question 3.
How does Arignar Anna highlight the duties and responsibilities of graduates to society?
Answer:
The graduates must perform their duties in terms of service like toning up society, bringing light into dark alleys, sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted, and new life to everyone.

Question 4.
Students are instilled with some of the essential values and skills by the universities that Enumerate them.
Answer:
The universities train and guide the students in many ways. They induce in students patience and perseverance faith in himself and others and confidence in his inherent ability to shoulder the responsibilities.

Question 5.
What are the hindrances a graduate faces in his/her way?
Answer:
The main hindrance is the influence of the environment which disturbs an individual’s hope and determination. Apart from this unpleasant sight of practices and tyranny of all sorts dis¬courage even the people with robust optimism.

C. Answer the following questions, based on your understanding of the speech of Dr.Annadurai:

Question 1.
How do universities mould students apart from imparting academic education to them?
Answer:
The role of University today is not confined as in the past. Its functions have been enlarged and play a vital role in moulding students. It trains and guides the students before they are asked to do their duty as a citizen of a democracy.

It provides tasks to the Students which inher¬its patience and perseverance, faith in himself and in others, and confidence in his inherent ability to shoulder the responsibilities. In fact, the main responsibility of the universities is to fashion out of a student on individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective.

It also induces in him the quality of appreciating other’s points of view and adjustment of differences through discussions. In short, it moulds the student in such a way that he can face any challenges of the present in an optimistic way.

Question 2.
The common men contribute to the maintenance of institutions of higher education Explain this statement.
Answer:
The younger generation of the present age is deeply indebted to their community or society for getting the privilege to enjoy a university education. Most of the money needed for maintaining institutions of higher education come from the revenues collected from the community through the state.

Naturally, a good proportion of that revenue comes from the tillers and the toilers. These are the common men who were not provided with an opportunity to enter university. They are the one who willingly submits themselves to their discomfort. They don’t like their next generation to have the same discomfort.

Instead, they want them to lead a better life. This thought of the common men is to be really appreciated. Thus the younger generation has got the responsibility to repay this society in terms of their service. That is the best way in which they can pay their tribute to the common men who indirectly help them in their university education.

Question 3.
How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back to society?
Answer:
The graduates must realize the contribution made by common men towards their higher ed¬ucation. They can aptly repay it only in terms of their service to humanity. It is not an easy task. They have to overcome many hindrances to perform their service successfully. They may have to face the unpleasant sight of practices, tyranny of all sorts which will discourage them.

But they must realize that a continuous stream of men and women endowed with the spirit of service has been carrying on the crusade successfully and have conferred rich benefits on humanity. The Tamilians have been holding this ideal for more than two thousand years as expressed in Purananuru. It celebrates the selfless spirit and courage of people who served society by sharing everything with their fellow men. So as inheritors of that rich legacy the graduates must overcome their hindrances and serve society to the best of their abilities.

You were one of the fresh graduates at the convocation function of the University. You had the rare privilege of listening to the enlightening speech of Dr. Arignar Anna. Write a letter to your friend describing the core ideas of his speech and the impact of the speech on you.

5/20, II street,
Trichy.

DearAyush,

I am very delighted to share my experience at the convocation function of my university. I had the great privilege to listen to the speech of Dr. Anna Durai which imparts a great impact on me. I would like to share my experience with you. He started his speech by saying universities which are the repositories of knowledge play a vital role in the life of an individual.

I come to know that universities in olden age train scholars, who in turn render their service only to the royal society and not to the common men. But now the function of university has been enlarged which moulds an individual in all ways and equips him for the task of making democracy fruitful It is the duty of the graduate to repay the society in terms of service in the path of which he has to overcome many obstacles.

We are expected to follow the ideals expressed in Purananuru and serve society to the best of our abilities. His speech was really very impressive and enlightening It kindles the spirit in me to serve society. His enlightened speech indulges an optimistic outlook in my view. I even took an oath of serving this society to my fullest.

Reading:

The following is a letter by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore to Mahatma Gandhi. Follow the diction, fluency, and style of the great Indian writer who has contributed excellent writings to Indian Literature. You can improve your vocabulary by familiarising some of the words used in the letter using a dictionary.
Gandhi Letter 23A: From Rabindranath Tagore.

Shanti Niketan,
April 12, 1919.

Dear Mahatmaji,

Power in all its forms is irrational it is like the horse that drags the carriage blindfolded. The moral element in it is only represented in the man who drives the horse. Passive resistance, a force which is not necessarily moral in itself, can be used against truth as well as for it.

The danger inherent in all force grows stronger when it is likely to gain success, for then it becomes a temptation. I know your teaching is to fight against evil with the help of the good. But such a fight is for heroes and not for men led by impulses of the moment.

Evil on one side naturally begets evil on the other, injustice leading to violence and insult to vengefulness. Unfortunately, such a force has already been started, and either through panic or through wrath our authorities have shown us the claws whose sure effect is to drive some of us into the secret path of resentment and others into utter demoralization.

In this crisis, you, as a great leader of men, have stood among us to proclaim your faith in the ideal which you know to be that of India, the ideal which is both against the cowardliness of hidden revenge and the cowed submissiveness of the terror-stricken…

I have always felt, and said accordingly, that the great gift of freedom can never come to a people through charity. We must win it before we can own it. And India’s opportunity for winning it will come to her when she can prove that she is morally superior to the people who rule her by their right of conquest.

Armed with her utter faith in goodness she must stand unabashed before the arrogance that scoffs at the power of the spirit. And you have come to your motherland in the time of her need to remind her of her mission, to lead her in the true path of conquest, to purge her present-day politics of its feebleness which imagines that it has gained its purpose when it struts in the borrowed feathers of diplomatic dishonesty.

This is why I pray most fervently that nothing that tends to weaken our spiritual freedom may intrude into your marching line, that martyrdom for the cause of truth may never degenerate into fanaticism for mere verbal forms, descending into the self-deception that hides behind sacred names.

With these few words for an introduction allow me to offer the following as a poet’s contribution to your noble work:

Give me the supreme courage of love,
this is my prayer,
the courage to speak,
to do, to suffer at thy will,
to leave all things or be left alone.

Give me the supreme faith of love,
this is my prayer,
the faith of life in death,
of the victory in defeat,
of the power hidden in the frailness of beauty,
of the dignity of pain that accepts hurt,
but disdains to return it.

Very sincerely yours,
Rabindranath Tagore.

A. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Who according to Gandhi, can fight against evil and how?
Answer:
According to Gandhi, a person who follows nonviolent methods can fight against evil.

Question 2.
What is Gandhiji’s ideal?
Answer:
Gandhiji’s ideal is against the cowardliness of hidden revenge and the cowed submissiveness of the terror-stricken.

Question 3.
According to Tagore, when will India get the opportunity to win the gift of freedom?
Answer:
India will get the opportunity to win the gift of freedom when she can prove that she is morally superior to the people who rule her by their right of conquest.

Question 4.
How does Tagore acknowledge Gandhi s noble work?
Answer:
Tagore acknowledges Gandhiji’s noble work by offering or dedicating a poem to him.

Question 5.
Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following:

Question a.
a malevolent desire for revenge (para 1)
Answer:
Vengefulness

Question b.
tactful (para 2)
Answer:
diplomatic

Question c.
despise (para 3)
Answer:
disdain

Question 6.
Find words from the passage which are antonyms of the following:

Question a.
artificially (para 1)
Answer:
naturally

Question b.
strength (para 2)
Answer:
weaken

ஆசிரியரைப் பற்றி:

முனைவர் காஞ்சிபுரம் நடராஜன் அண்ணாதுரை (15 Sep 1909 – 3 Feb 1969) அறிஞர் அண்ணாதுரை என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுவார். அரசியல்வாதியான இவர் 1967 முதல் 1969 வரை தமிழ் நாட்டின் முதலமைச்சராக இருந்தார். நாடக ஆசிரியர், நாடக நடிகர், எழுத்தாளர், விமர்சகர், சொற்பொழிவாளர், அரசியல் நிர்வாகி, கதாசிரியர் என்ற பன்முக தன்மை கொண்டவர்.

சமூக அரசியல், இலக்கிய புத்தகங்கள் பலவற்றை எழுதியுள்ளார். அமேரிக்காவின் யேல் பல்கலைகழகத்தால் சப் ஃபெல்லோஷிப் விருது வழங்கி கௌரவிக்கப்பட்டார். இது அமேரிக்கர் அல்லாத ஒருவருக்கு வழங்கப்பட்ட முதல் கொளரவமாகும். இதே சமயம் அண்ணாமலைப் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் கௌரவ முனைவர் பட்டம் வழங்கி கௌரவிக்கப்பட்டார்.

பாடத்தைப் பற்றி:

1967 ஆம் ஆண்டு நவம்பர் 18ம் தேதி அண்ணாமலை பல்கலைகழகத்தில் நடைபெற்ற பட்டமளிப்பு விழாவில் முன்னாள் தமிழக முதல்வர் C.N.அண்ணாதுரை அவர்கள் மாணவர்களுக்கு ஆற்றிய உரையின் ஒரு பகுதி இப்பாடமாகும்.

இறுதி ஆண்டு பயின்று முடித்த மாணவர்கள் சமூகத்தை எதிர்கொள்ள வேண்டிய, சமூகத்திற்கு செய்ய வேண்டிய பணிகள் கடமைகளை பற்றி இப்பாடத்தில் விரிவாக காண்போம்.

The Convocation Address Summary in Tamil

நம்மை சுற்றி வருவது, போவது என்ன?

சமூகத்தில் நடைபெறும் செயல்கள், கட்டமைப்பின் வளர்ச்சி, கல்வி, உடல் நலம் etc…. அனைத்து எல்லா வகையிலும் தேவையான வளங்கள் ஆகும். அனைத்து வகையான வளங்களும் மனித முயற்சியால் கொண்டு – வரப்பட்டவை. சமூகத்தில் பலதரப்பட்ட பகுதியில் இருந்து இந்த முயற்சி கொண்டுவரப்பட்டது. இன்று நாம் சுவைக்கும் வளர்ச்சியின் கனிகள் பாடப்படாத பல ஹீரோக்களின் முயற்சியின் மூலமாக வந்தவை.

நாம் பெற்றதை சமூக வளர்ச்சிக்காக திரும்பக் கொடுப்பது நமது கடமை. துன்பமிக்க மாணவன்/மாணவி தனது பணியில் ஜொலித்தால் அவன்/அவள் சேவை அங்கத்தின் ஊக்கமாக கருதப்படுவர். இந்த சமூகம் ஒவ்வொரு பட்டதாரியையும் கவனமாக பேணிக்காக்கின்றது. அவன்/அவள் மலர்ந்து தன் சிறகை விரித்து பறக்க நாம் சமூகத்தில் இருந்து பெற்றதை திரும்பி கொடுப்பதற்கு பட்டமளிப்போ (graduation) சிறந்த நேரம் ஆகும்.

இந்த நிறுவனத்தில் எனக்குவழங்கப்பட்ட தனிப்பட்ட மரியாதைக்காக நான் நன்றி செலுத்துகிறேன். இந்த பெருமைமிகு அவைக்கு முன்னால் இன்று நான் பட்டமளிப்பு முகவுரை வழங்கப்போகிறேன். இந்த மகிழ்ச்சியான தருணத்தில் இங்கே இருப்பது எனக்கு மகிழ்வைத் தருகிறது. இந்த ஆண்டு பட்டம் பெரும் பட்டதாரிகள் அனைவருக்கும் நல்ல பொழிவான எதிர்காலம் அமைய வாழ்த்துகிறேன். சரியான வழிகாட்டுதல் அவர்களுக்கு அமைவது சுலபமானது அல்ல.

உண்மை என்னவென்றால் என் கட்டுபாட்டு வரம்புகளை நான் அறிந்திருக்கிறேன் என்பது எனக்கு நிம்மதி தருகிறது, நான் என் கருத்துக்களை அல்லது கோட்பாடுகளை ஒரு சிறப்பு முத்திரையாக வழங்க முயற்சிக்க மாட்டேன்.

ஆனால் கடந்த ஆண்டுகளில் எனக்கு அறிவுரை வழங்கிய அனைவருக்கும் நான் திரும்பவும் (reiterate) சில கொள்கைகளை தெளிவாக சொல்லப்போகிறேன்.

(enunciated) ஆங்காங்கே மேற்கோள்கள் வைத்து, கல்வியுடன் தொடரப்பட்ட பல்வேறு துறைகளில் நிபுணர்களின் கண்டுபிடிப்பிற்காக சாதாரணமனிதக் கண்ணோட்டத்தை சுமந்து கொண்டு வர வேண்டும்.

இது சாதாரண மனிதனின் காலம் – சிலர் பலவகை வேதனைகள் பெற்றிருக்கலாம் – அவனுடைய பார்வைக்கு அது பெரிதாக தெரியும். நான் அவரை அனைத்து வலிமை பிரதிநிதித்துடன் கருதுவேன்.

பள்ளிகளின் அமைப்பு முறை எண்ணங்கள், தத்துவம் மற்றும் அரசியல், அறநெறி மற்றும் பொருளாதாரம் அனைத்தும் அவனுக்காக அமைய வேண்டும். பல்கலைக்கழகங்கள் அறிவின் களஞ்சியங்கள் (repositories) மற்றும் பிரதிநிதிகள் (emissaries) எண்ண த்திற்கு (Nursing ground) போலவும், மெய்யளிவு மற்றும் சேவை தனிச்சிறப்பை முக்கியத்துவம் பெற்று தினமும் வளர்ச்சி அடைகிறது.

எல்லா வயதிலும் சமூகத்தை முன்னேற்றும் பொருட்டு மேலும் மேலும் தனிநபர் (eschewed) இந்த வேலை செய்கின்றான். நாம் பெற்று தவிர்த்த முடியாட்சி மற்றும் சர்வாதிகாரம் (Autocracy) ஜனநாயகம் காலத்தைத் தோற்றுவிக்கும்.

முடியாட்சி அல்லது நிலப்பிரதித்துவ நாட்களில் பல்கலைக் கழகங்கள் அறிஞர்களுக்கும், கவிஞர்களுக்கும் பயிற்சி அளித்தது. வசதியான வாழ்க்கை வாழவும் மற்றும் lords, noblesக்கு அரண்மனைகளில் பயிற்சி வழங்கப்பட்டது. அவர்களின் மெய்யறிவு மாளிகைக்கு பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது. சந்தை வெளியில் பயன்படுத்தப்படவில்லை.

அந்த நாளில் நாட்கள் கணக்கிடப்படுவதில்லை. மக்களை ஆக்கிரமிக்கும் (confronting) பிரச்சினைகளை எதிர் கொள்வதற்கு பிரத்தியேக அறிஞர்கள் இருந்தார்கள். அவர்கள் தனியாக இடத்தில் வேலை செய்வார்கள். தத்துவ கவிதைகளின் விலையுயர்ந்த நூழிலையை ஆடையாக உடுத்தி சாதாரண மக்களின் சத்தம் கேட்காத இடத்தில் வாழ்ந்தார்கள்.

பழங்காலத்தில் இருந்ததை விட இப்போது பல்கலைகழகத்தில் கட்டுப்படுத்த படுவதில்லை (cloistered). அதன் செயல்பாடு அதன் அடிப்படையில் அல்ல. ஆனால் அதன் களம் விரிவுப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. அது பொதுவாக எடுத்துக் கொள்ளப்படுகிறது. ஆனால் செதுக்கி, பக்குவப்படுத்தி, வழிகாட்டி, நடத்தி செல்லும் முன்பு அவன் குடிமகனாக ஜனநாயகத்து கடமையைச் செய்ய வேண்டும்.

இந்த திட்டம் நமக்கு நம்பிக்கை தந்தாலும் இவை நமக்கு பொறுமை, விடாமுயற்சி (Preseverance) அவனிடம் உள்ள நம்பிக்கை , அவனுடன் பிறந்த (inherent) செயல்கள் முக்கியத் – துவத்திற்கு தோல் கொடுக்கின்றனர்.

பொது மனிதன் ஒரு சாத்தியமான ஆட்சியாளர் கடமையில் இருந்து தோன்றுகிறார். இன்று பல்கலைகழகத்தின் பொறுப்பானது, ஜனநாயகம் பயனளிக்கும் திறனுடன் செயல்படுவதற்காக பயனுள்ள ஒரு தனிநபரை உருவாக்குவதாகும்.

Brussels பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் நமது முன்னால் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் Dr. S. Radhakrishnan உரையாற்றிய போது, அவர் இவ்வாறு கூறினார், அரசு தன்மைகள் விட ஜனநாயகம், முறையான செயல்பாடாக கருதப்படுகிறது. நாம் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் ஜனநாயகத்தின் உண்மை உணர்வுகளை வளர்க்க வேண்டும்.

உரையாடலில் மேற்கொள்ளும் வித்தியாசங்களுக்கும் அடுத்தவர் கூறும் செய்திகளுக்கும் செவி சாய்க்க வேண்டும். அவனை திடமாகவும் சுகமாகவும் வைப்பது தனிமனிதனின் பொறுப்பு மற்றும் அனுசரிப்புமாகும். பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் பழங்காலத்தில் நடந்த பிரச்சினைகளை நினைத்து தற்போதைய நிலைமைகள், வாய்ப்புகள், சவால்கள் மற்றும் அனைத்தையும் எதிர் கொள்ள வேண்டும்.

இந்த வருடத்தின் பட்டதாரிகளே, நல்ல எதிர்காலம் அமைய உங்களை வாழ்த்துகிறேன். அடுத்து, ஒவ்வொருவருக்கும் நான் தெரிவிக்க நினைப்பது, பட்டதாரிகள், மனித செயல்பாடு பெறுவதற்கான அடிதளம். மனித செயல்பாட்டின் முதல் ஊக்குவித்தல் இதுதான். யாரும் இதை நிராகரிக்க முடியாது.

ஆனால் ஒரே குறிக்கோள் அல்ல. தனித்தனி பொருள் முன்னேற்றத்தைக் காட்டிலும் உயர்ந்த மற்றும் உன்னதமான ஒன்று நீங்கள் எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுவது இந்த பல்கலைகழகத்தின் கல்வி மகிழ்ந்து பெருமைப்பட கூடியதே, நீங்கள் வாழ்ந்த இந்த சமூகத்திற்கு இந்த கல்வியை திரும்ப கொடுக்க வேண்டும்.

மேல்நிலை கல்வி நிலையங்கள் அமைக்க மாநிலம் முழுவதிலிருந்து வருவாய் பெறப்படுகிறது. இந்த வருவாய் அனைத்தும் உணவை விளைவிப்பவர் (tillers) தினக் கூலிகள், கல்வியை அனுபவிக்க முடியாதவர்களிடமிருந்து பெறப்படுகிறது. இதையெல்லாம் அனுபவிக்க முடியாதவர்கள்.

அவர்கள் தங்களின் சுகத்தை இழந்து அடுத்து தலைமுறையின் நல்வாழ்விற்கு உழைக்கிறார்கள். பட்டதாரிகளே, நான் உங்களிடம் கேட்கிறேன், என்னகைமாறுசெய்ய போகிறீர்கள்? சமூகத்திற்கு உங்கள் பங்களிப்பு என்ன? நீங்கள் நிரப்பாத வரையில் வரவிருக்கும் தலை முறையினர் ஒரு வெற்றிடத்தை மட்டுமே காண முடியும். உனது உயர்கல்வி சமூகத்தின் பொறுப்புணர்வை மேம்படுத்தும்.

உனது தனிப்பட்ட முன்னேற்றம், உங்களிடமிருந்து போதுமான வருமானத்தை சமுதாயம் எதிர்பார்பதற்கு உரிமை உண்டு. சமுதாயத்தை உயர்த்துவது, பணங்களில் இல்லை , உனது கடமையில் இருக்கிறது. இருளுள்ள இடத்தில் வெளிச்சம் கொண்டு வர, பாதிக்கப்பட்டோருக்கான ஆறுதல் அழிக்க ஒவ்வொருவரும் மனச்சோர்வின்றி (despondent) உழைக்க புதிய வாழ்க்கையை எதிர்பார்க்கிறேன்.

சேவை முடிவடையும் வரை, சொற்பொழிவுகள் இனிப்பு நாகரிகமாக மாறும். Jefferson கூறுவது போல் ”வாய்ப்புகள் ஜனநாயகத்தில் இருந்து எழும் சாதனைகள் ஒரு பிரதிநிதித்துவத்தை கனவு கண்டாக வேண்டும்”.

நான் சமுதாயத்தைச் சேவிக்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த பணியில் உங்கள் உதவியையும் ஒத்துழைப்பையும் தேடும் போது, தயவுசெய்து கண் சிமிட்டி சிரிக்காமல் சொல்லுங்கள், அது சொல்வதற்கு மிகவும் இனிமையானது. என்வழியில் ஆகியோரின் துன்பங்கள் பற்றி தெரியாது, உன் சூழலில் உள்ள செல்வாக்கை ஒதுக்கி தூக்கி போடுகிறேன்.

உன் பயணம் தொடங்கி போகும் இந்த உலகத்தில் உன் நம்பிக்கை இருளாக இருக்கலாம். உங்கள் உறுதியை தொந்தரவாக செய்யலாம். உங்களிடம் உள்ள கோட்பாடுகளிலிருந்து பரவலாக வேறுபடுகின்ற பழக்கவழக்கங்களுடனான நேர்மையான பார்வையை நீங்கள் எதிர்கொள்ள நேரிடலாம்.

நீங்கள் சுயநல வாதிகள், சித்திரவதைகள், மற்றும் நோயாளி தொழிலாளி துரோகம் காணலாம். கொடுமை உன்னை நேரிட்டு பார்க்கலாம். உனது ஒவ்வொரு அடியும் உனக்கு பிரச்சனை தரும். வலுவான நம்பிக்கையுடன் கூடிய மக்கள் உங்களுக்கு ஊக்கமளிப்பார்கள்” என்று நான் கருதுகிறேன். நிச்சயமாக அவர்கள் உனக்கு எளிதாகவும், ஆறுதலாகவும் இருப்பர்.

முழு முயற்சியுடன், முழு உத்வேகத்துடன் ஆண்களும் பெண்களும் சமுகத்திற்காக உழைத்தால் நம் சமூகத்தை வெற்றிகரமான சமூகமாக மாற்ற முடியும் என்பதை நாம் உணர்ந்து கொள்ள வேண்டும்.

தமிழாகிய நாம் இரண்டு ஆயிரம் ஆண்டுகளாக நமது புறநானூறு (182)ற்றை தூக்கிநிற்கிறோம். நீ தான் உன் சிறந்த ஆற்றலிலிருந்து இந்த சூழ்நிலைகளை எதிர்கொண்டு சமூக சேவை செய்யவேண்டும்.

இந்த அகண்ட உலகத்தில் உன்னை நம்பிக்கையுடன் அனுப்புகிறேன். இதைவைத்து நீ வெற்றி பெற வேண்டும். இந்நிறுவனம் உனக்கு அளித்த உணர்வுகள் மற்றும் மனநிலை கொண்டு உனது வாழ்க்கை பிரகாசமாக அமையட்டும். உங்கள் மிளிர்வு இந்த இடத்தை பிரகாச மாக்கட்டும். என்னுடைய வாழ்த்துக்களை ஏற்றுக் கொண்டு முன்னேறி செல்லுங்கள். புன்னகை தேசத்திற்கு …..